Uddannelse, kultur, ungdom og idræt
#TheFutureIsYours Uddannelse, kultur, ungdom og idræt i Europa
Alma Mater Scientia – Renaissance of European Research Universities
The EU should create a system of specialized research universities for the highest level of science.
Europe has been the cradle of Western Civilization for two millennia. But in the past 100 years, the Old continent has lost its leading position in science and technology. In terms of Nobel prize winners, Field Medalists or Turing Awards, Europe is showing its age.
According to the QS World University Rankings 2022, the EU no longer has any top university. ETH Zurich is the only European university in the top 10 on the list of 1,300 universities. After Brexit, Oxford and Cambridge moved out of the EU. The remaining top ranking universities are in the US or UK (e.g. MIT, Stanford, Harvard, and Caltech).
The idea is to set up a system of specialized research universities in the EU for top talents in specific fields of study. The specialized universities should attract a “critical mass” of doctoral students and post-doc research fellows from 450 million EU citizens in specific disciplines where top talent is very few and far apart. Each member state could propose a specific research field for its specialized university. Once approved, the institutions would be funded by the member state (1/3), private sector (1/3) and the EU (1/3). The administration should be centralized at the system level.
The EU ought to rejuvenate the spirit of Renaissance by resurrecting the European (Humboldtian) Universities by a system of specialized research universities – the Ivy League of the EU.
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{"body":{"en":"The EU should create a system of specialized research universities for the highest level of science.\n\nEurope has been the cradle of Western Civilization for two millennia. But in the past 100 years, the Old continent has lost its leading position in science and technology. In terms of Nobel prize winners, Field Medalists or Turing Awards, Europe is showing its age. \n\nAccording to the QS World University Rankings 2022, the EU no longer has any top university. ETH Zurich is the only European university in the top 10 on the list of 1,300 universities. After Brexit, Oxford and Cambridge moved out of the EU. The remaining top ranking universities are in the US or UK (e.g. MIT, Stanford, Harvard, and Caltech).\n\nThe idea is to set up a system of specialized research universities in the EU for top talents in specific fields of study. The specialized universities should attract a “critical mass” of doctoral students and post-doc research fellows from 450 million EU citizens in specific disciplines where top talent is very few and far apart. Each member state could propose a specific research field for its specialized university. Once approved, the institutions would be funded by the member state (1/3), private sector (1/3) and the EU (1/3). The administration should be centralized at the system level.\n\nThe EU ought to rejuvenate the spirit of Renaissance by resurrecting the European (Humboldtian) Universities by a system of specialized research universities – the Ivy League of the EU.","machine_translations":{"bg":"ЕС следва да създаде система от специализирани научноизследователски университети за най-високо равнище на науката. Европа е люлката на западната цивилизация от две хилядолетия. Но през последните 100 години Старият континент загуби водещата си позиция в науката и технологиите. По отношение на носителите на Нобелова награда, Филмови медалисти или Тюринг, Европа показва своята възраст. Според класацията QS World University 2022 г. ЕС вече няма водещ университет. ETH Цюрих е единственият европейски университет в топ 10 в списъка на 1300 университета. След Брексит Оксфорд и Кеймбридж се изнесоха от ЕС. Останалите висши университети са в САЩ или Обединеното кралство (напр. MIT, Stanford, Harvard и Caltech). Идеята е да се създаде система от специализирани научноизследователски университети в ЕС за най-добрите таланти в конкретни области на обучение. Специализираните университети следва да привлекат „критична маса“ от докторанти и стипендианти в областта на научните изследвания след докторска степен от 450 милиона граждани на ЕС в специфични дисциплини, където най-добрите таланти са много малко и много различни. Всяка държава членка би могла да предложи конкретна научноизследователска област за своя специализиран университет. След като бъдат одобрени, институциите ще бъдат финансирани от държавата членка (1/3), частния сектор (1/3) и ЕС (1/3). Администрацията следва да бъде централизирана на системно равнище. ЕС би трябвало да поднови духа на Ренесанса, като възкреси европейските (хумболдски) университети чрез система от специализирани научноизследователски университети – Лигата на Айви на ЕС.","cs":"EU by měla vytvořit systém specializovaných výzkumných univerzit pro nejvyšší úroveň vědy. Evropa je kolébkou západní civilizace po dvě tisíciletí. V posledních 100 letech však starý kontinent ztratil své vedoucí postavení v oblasti vědy a techniky. Pokud jde o nositele Nobelovy ceny, Field Medalists nebo Turing Awards, Evropa ukazuje svůj věk. Podle QS World University Rankings 2022, EU již nemá žádné špičkové univerzity. ETH Zurich je jedinou evropskou univerzitou v top 10 na seznamu 1300 univerzit. Po brexitu se Oxford a Cambridge odstěhovaly z EU. Zbývající špičkové univerzity jsou v USA nebo Velké Británii (např. MIT, Stanford, Harvard a Caltech). Záměrem je vytvořit systém specializovaných výzkumných univerzit v EU pro špičkové talenty v konkrétních studijních oborech. Specializované univerzity by měly přilákat „kritické množství“ doktorských studentů a studentů postdoktorandů z 450 milionů občanů EU v konkrétních oborech, kde je nejvyšší talent velmi málo a daleko od sebe. Každý členský stát by mohl navrhnout zvláštní oblast výzkumu pro svou specializovanou univerzitu. Jakmile budou instituce schváleny, budou financovány členským státem (1/3), soukromým sektorem (1/3) a EU (1/3). Správa by měla být centralizována na úrovni systému. EU by měla oživit ducha renesance tím, že oživí evropské (humboldtské) univerzity prostřednictvím systému specializovaných výzkumných univerzit - Ivy League EU.","da":"EU bør skabe et system af specialiserede forskningsuniversiteter til det højeste videnskabelige niveau. Europa har været den vestlige civilisations vugge i to årtusinder. Men i de sidste 100 år har det gamle kontinent mistet sin førende position inden for videnskab og teknologi. Med hensyn til nobelpristagere, Field Medalists eller Turing Awards viser Europa sin alder. Ifølge QS World University Rankings 2022 har EU ikke længere noget topuniversitet. ETH Zürich er det eneste europæiske universitet i top 10 på listen over 1.300 universiteter. Efter Brexit flyttede Oxford og Cambridge ud af EU. De resterende topplacerede universiteter er i USA eller Storbritannien (f.eks. MIT, Stanford, Harvard og Caltech). Idéen er at etablere et system af specialiserede forskningsuniversiteter i EU til toptalenter inden for specifikke fagområder. De specialiserede universiteter bør tiltrække en \"kritisk masse\" af ph.d.-studerende og postdoc-forskere fra 450 millioner EU-borgere inden for specifikke discipliner, hvor toptalent er meget få og langt fra hinanden. Hver medlemsstat kunne foreslå et særligt forskningsfelt for sit specialiserede universitet. Når institutionerne er godkendt, vil de blive finansieret af medlemsstaterne (1/3), den private sektor (1/3) og EU (1/3). Administrationen bør centraliseres på systemniveau. EU bør forynge renæssancens ånd ved at genoplive de europæiske (Humboldtianske) universiteter ved hjælp af et system af specialiserede forskningsuniversiteter – EU\"s Ivy League.","de":"Die EU sollte ein System spezialisierter Forschungsuniversitäten für die höchste wissenschaftliche Ebene schaffen. Europa ist seit zwei Jahrtausenden die Wiege der westlichen Zivilisation. Aber in den letzten 100 Jahren hat der alte Kontinent seine führende Position in Wissenschaft und Technologie verloren. In Bezug auf Nobelpreisträger, Field Medalists oder Turing Awards zeigt Europa sein Alter. Laut QS World University Rankings 2022 hat die EU keine Top-Universität mehr. Die ETH Zürich ist die einzige europäische Universität in den Top 10 auf der Liste der 1.300 Universitäten. Nach dem Brexit zogen Oxford und Cambridge aus der EU. Die verbleibenden Top-Ranking-Universitäten befinden sich in den USA oder Großbritannien (z. B. MIT, Stanford, Harvard und Caltech). Die Idee besteht darin, ein System spezialisierter Forschungsuniversitäten in der EU für Spitzentalente in bestimmten Studienbereichen einzurichten. Die Fachhochschulen sollten eine „kritische Masse“ von Doktoranden und Postdoc-Forschungsstipendiaten aus 450 Millionen EU-Bürgern in bestimmten Disziplinen anlocken, in denen Spitzentalente nur sehr wenige und weit voneinander entfernte Talente aufweisen. Jeder Mitgliedstaat könnte für seine Fachhochschule einen spezifischen Forschungsbereich vorschlagen. Nach ihrer Genehmigung würden die Institutionen vom Mitgliedstaat (1/3), dem Privatsektor (1/3) und der EU (1/3) finanziert. Die Verwaltung sollte auf Systemebene zentralisiert werden. Die EU sollte den Geist der Renaissance verjüngen, indem sie die europäischen (Humboldtischen) Universitäten durch ein System spezialisierter Forschungsuniversitäten – der Ivy League der EU – auferweckt.","el":"Η ΕΕ θα πρέπει να δημιουργήσει ένα σύστημα εξειδικευμένων ερευνητικών πανεπιστημίων για το υψηλότερο επιστημονικό επίπεδο. Η Ευρώπη υπήρξε το λίκνο του δυτικού πολιτισμού εδώ και δύο χιλιετίες. Αλλά τα τελευταία 100 χρόνια, η Παλαιά ήπειρος έχει χάσει την ηγετική της θέση στην επιστήμη και την τεχνολογία. Όσον αφορά τους νικητές του βραβείου Νόμπελ, τους Field Medalists ή τα Turing Awards, η Ευρώπη δείχνει την ηλικία της. Σύμφωνα με την QS World University Rankings 2022, η ΕΕ δεν διαθέτει πλέον κορυφαία πανεπιστήμια. ETH Ζυρίχη είναι το μόνο ευρωπαϊκό πανεπιστήμιο στην κορυφή 10 στη λίστα των 1.300 πανεπιστήμια. Μετά το Brexit, η Οξφόρδη και το Κέιμπριτζ έφυγαν από την ΕΕ. Τα υπόλοιπα κορυφαία πανεπιστήμια βρίσκονται στις ΗΠΑ ή το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο (π.χ. MIT, Stanford, Harvard και Caltech). Η ιδέα είναι να δημιουργηθεί ένα σύστημα εξειδικευμένων ερευνητικών πανεπιστημίων στην ΕΕ για τα κορυφαία ταλέντα σε συγκεκριμένους τομείς σπουδών. Τα εξειδικευμένα πανεπιστήμια θα πρέπει να προσελκύσουν μια «κρίσιμη μάζα» διδακτορικών φοιτητών και μεταδιδακτορικών υποτρόφων από 450 εκατομμύρια πολίτες της ΕΕ σε συγκεκριμένους κλάδους όπου τα κορυφαία ταλέντα είναι πολύ λίγα και πολύ διαφορετικά. Κάθε κράτος μέλος θα μπορούσε να προτείνει ένα ειδικό ερευνητικό πεδίο για το εξειδικευμένο πανεπιστήμιο του. Μόλις εγκριθούν, τα θεσμικά όργανα θα χρηματοδοτηθούν από το κράτος μέλος (1/3), τον ιδιωτικό τομέα (1/3) και την ΕΕ (1/3). Η διοίκηση θα πρέπει να είναι συγκεντρωτική σε επίπεδο συστήματος. Η ΕΕ θα πρέπει να αναζωογονήσει το πνεύμα της Αναγέννησης με την ανάσταση των ευρωπαϊκών (χουμπολντιανών) πανεπιστημίων μέσω ενός συστήματος εξειδικευμένων ερευνητικών πανεπιστημίων – του Ivy League της ΕΕ.","es":"La UE debería crear un sistema de universidades de investigación especializadas para el más alto nivel científico. Europa ha sido la cuna de la civilización occidental durante dos milenios. Pero en los últimos 100 años, el Viejo continente ha perdido su posición de liderazgo en ciencia y tecnología. En términos de ganadores de premios Nobel, Medallas de Campo o Premios Turing, Europa está mostrando su edad. Según el QS World University Rankings 2022, la UE ya no tiene ninguna universidad superior. ETH Zurich es la única universidad europea en el top 10 de la lista de 1.300 universidades. Después del Brexit, Oxford y Cambridge se mudaron de la UE. Las restantes universidades de primer nivel están en los EE.UU. o Reino Unido (por ejemplo, MIT, Stanford, Harvard y Caltech). La idea es crear un sistema de universidades de investigación especializadas en la UE para los mejores talentos en ámbitos específicos de estudio. Las universidades especializadas deberían atraer a una «masa crítica» de estudiantes de doctorado y becarios de investigación postdoctoral de 450 millones de ciudadanos de la UE en disciplinas específicas en las que el máximo talento es muy escaso y lejano. Cada Estado miembro podría proponer un campo específico de investigación para su universidad especializada. Una vez aprobadas, las instituciones serían financiadas por el Estado miembro (1/3), el sector privado (1/3) y la UE (1/3). La administración debe centralizarse a nivel del sistema. La UE debería rejuvenecer el espíritu del Renacimiento resucitando las universidades europeas (humboldtianas) mediante un sistema de universidades de investigación especializadas, la Liga Ivy de la UE.","et":"EL peaks looma spetsialiseerunud teadusülikoolide süsteemi teaduse kõrgeima taseme jaoks. Euroopa on olnud Lääne tsivilisatsiooni häll kaks aastatuhandet. Kuid viimase 100 aasta jooksul on vana kontinent kaotanud oma juhtpositsiooni teaduses ja tehnoloogias. Nobeli preemia laureaatide, Field Medalistide või Turingi auhindade osas näitab Euroopa oma vanust. Vastavalt QS World University Rankings 2022, EL ei ole enam top ülikooli. ETH Zürich on ainus Euroopa ülikool 1300 ülikooli nimekirjas. Pärast Brexitit kolisid Oxford ja Cambridge EList välja. Ülejäänud tippülikoolid asuvad USAs või Ühendkuningriigis (nt MIT, Stanford, Harvard ja Caltech). Eesmärk on luua ELis spetsialiseerunud teadusülikoolide süsteem, mis hõlmaks tipptalente konkreetsetes õppevaldkondades. Spetsialiseerunud ülikoolid peaksid meelitama ligi doktorantide ja doktorijärgsete teadlaste „kriitilist massi“ 450 miljonist ELi kodanikust konkreetsetes valdkondades, kus tipptalente on väga vähe ja kaugel. Iga liikmesriik võiks oma spetsialiseeritud ülikooli jaoks teha ettepaneku konkreetse uurimisvaldkonna kohta. Kui institutsioonid on heaks kiidetud, rahastavad neid liikmesriigid (1/3), erasektor (1/3) ja EL (1/3). Haldus peaks olema tsentraliseeritud süsteemi tasandil. EL peaks taassünni vaimu noorendama, taaselustades Euroopa (Humboldti) ülikoolid spetsialiseeritud teadusülikoolide süsteemi – ELi Ivy League’i – abil.","fi":"EU:n olisi luotava huipputason tutkimusyliopistojen järjestelmä. Eurooppa on ollut länsimaisen sivilisaation kehto jo kahden vuosituhannen ajan. Mutta viimeisten sadan vuoden aikana vanha manner on menettänyt johtavan asemansa tieteen ja teknologian alalla. Nobelin palkinnonsaajien, kenttämitalistien tai Turing-palkintojen osalta Eurooppa näyttää ikänsä. QS World University Rankings 2022:n mukaan eu:lla ei enää ole huippuyliopistoa. ETH Zürich on ainoa eurooppalainen yliopisto top 10 listalla 1,300 yliopistot. Brexitin jälkeen Oxford ja Cambridge muuttivat eu:sta. Jäljellä olevat yliopistot ovat Yhdysvalloissa tai Yhdistyneessä kuningaskunnassa (esim. MIT, Stanford, Harvard ja Caltech). Tarkoituksena on perustaa eu:hun erikoistuneiden tutkimusyliopistojen järjestelmä huippuosaajia varten tietyillä opintoaloilla. Erikoistuneiden yliopistojen olisi houkuteltava ”kriittinen massa” tohtoriopiskelijoita ja tohtorintutkinnon jälkeisiä tutkijoita 450 miljoonasta EU:n kansalaisesta tietyillä aloilla, joilla huippuosaajia on hyvin vähän ja kaukana toisistaan. Kukin jäsenvaltio voisi ehdottaa erityistä tutkimusalaa erikoistuneelle yliopistolleen. Hyväksymisen jälkeen laitokset rahoittaisivat jäsenvaltiot (1/3), yksityinen sektori (1/3) ja EU (1/3). Hallinto olisi keskitettävä järjestelmätasolle. EU:n pitäisi uudistaa renessanssin henkeä elvyttämällä eurooppalaiset (Humboldtian) yliopistot erikoistuneiden tutkimusyliopistojen järjestelmän – EU:n Ivy Leaguen – avulla.","fr":"L’UE devrait créer un système d’universités de recherche spécialisées pour le plus haut niveau scientifique. L’Europe est le berceau de la civilisation occidentale depuis deux millénaires. Mais au cours des 100 dernières années, le Vieux continent a perdu sa position de chef de file dans le domaine de la science et de la technologie. En termes de prix Nobel, de médailles de terrain ou de prix Turing, l’Europe montre son âge. Selon le QS World University Rankings 2022, l’UE n’a plus d’université supérieure. L’ETH Zurich est la seule université européenne dans le top 10 de la liste des 1 300 universités. Après le Brexit, Oxford et Cambridge ont quitté l’UE. Les autres universités se situent aux États-Unis ou au Royaume-Uni (par exemple, le MIT, Stanford, Harvard et Caltech). L’idée est de mettre en place un système d’universités de recherche spécialisées dans l’UE pour les meilleurs talents dans des domaines d’études spécifiques. Les universités spécialisées devraient attirer une «masse critique» d’étudiants au doctorat et de boursiers de recherche postdoctorale de 450 millions de citoyens de l’UE dans des disciplines spécifiques où les meilleurs talents sont très peu nombreux et très éloignés. Chaque Etat membre pourrait proposer un domaine de recherche spécifique pour son université spécialisée. Une fois approuvées, les institutions seraient financées par l’État membre (1/3), le secteur privé (1/3) et l’UE (1/3). L’administration devrait être centralisée au niveau du système. L’UE devrait rajeunir l’esprit de la Renaissance en ressuscitant les universités européennes (Humboldtiennes) par un système d’universités de recherche spécialisées – la Ligue Ivy de l’UE.","ga":"Ba cheart don Aontas Eorpach córas d’ollscoileanna speisialaithe taighde a chruthú don leibhéal is airde eolaíochta. Ba í an Eoraip cliabhán Civilization an Iarthair do dhá mhílaois. Ach le 100 bliain anuas, chaill an mhór-roinn Sean a staid tosaigh san eolaíocht agus sa teicneolaíocht. Maidir le buaiteoirí dhuais Nobel, Bonneoirí Allamuigh nó Duais Turing, tá aois na duaise á léiriú ag an Eoraip. De réir Ranguithe Ollscoileanna QS, 2022, níl aon ollscoil den scoth ag an AE a thuilleadh. Is é ETH Zurich an t-aon ollscoil Eorpach sna 10 barr atá ar an liosta de 1,300 ollscoil. Tar éis Brexit, bhog Oxford agus Cambridge amach as an Aontas Eorpach. Is iad na hollscoileanna is mó rangú atá fágtha sna Stáit Aontaithe nó sa Ríocht Aontaithe (m.sh. MIT, Stanford, Harvard, agus Caltech). Is é an aidhm atá ann córas d’ollscoileanna speisialaithe taighde a chur ar bun san Aontas Eorpach do dhaoine tréitheacha is fearr i réimsí sonracha staidéir. Ba cheart go meallfadh na hollscoileanna speisialaithe “mais chriticiúil” mac léinn dochtúireachta agus comhaltaí taighde iardhochtúireachta ó 450 milliún saoránach de chuid an AE i ndisciplíní sonracha, áit nach bhfuil ach fíorbheagán tallann den scoth scartha óna chéile. D’fhéadfadh gach Ballstát réimse taighde ar leith a mholadh dá ollscoil speisialaithe. A luaithe a fhormheasfaí iad, bheadh na hinstitiúidí á maoiniú ag an mBallstát (1/3), ag an earnáil phríobháideach (1/3) agus ag an AE (1/3). Ba cheart an riarachán a lárú ar leibhéal an chórais. Ba cheart do AE spiorad na hAthbheochana a athnuachan trí atosú ar Ollscoileanna Eorpacha (Humboldtian) trí chóras ollscoileanna taighde speisialaithe – Conradh Ivy AE.","hr":"EU bi trebao uspostaviti sustav specijaliziranih istraživačkih sveučilišta za najvišu razinu znanosti. Europa je već dva tisućljeća kolijevka zapadne civilizacije. No, u posljednjih 100 godina, Stari kontinent je izgubio vodeći položaj u znanosti i tehnologiji. Kad je riječ o dobitnicima Nobelove nagrade, poljskim medalstima ili Turingovim nagradama, Europa pokazuje svoju dob. Prema QS World University Rankings 2022, EU više nema nijednog vrhunskog sveučilišta. ETH Zürich je jedino europsko sveučilište u top 10 na popisu 1,300 sveučilišta. Nakon Brexita, Oxford i Cambridge odselili su se iz EU-a. Preostala najbolja sveučilišta nalaze se u SAD-u ili Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini (npr. MIT, Stanford, Harvard i Caltech). Cilj je uspostaviti sustav specijaliziranih istraživačkih sveučilišta u EU-u za vrhunske talente u određenim studijskim područjima. Specijalizirana sveučilišta trebala bi privući „kritičnu masu” studenata doktorata i istraživača nakon doktorata iz 450 milijuna građana EU-a u određenim disciplinama u kojima je vrhunski talent vrlo mali i daleko udaljen. Svaka država članica mogla bi predložiti posebno područje istraživanja za svoje specijalizirano sveučilište. Nakon odobrenja institucije će financirati države članice (1/3), privatni sektor (1/3) i EU (1/3). Administracija bi trebala biti centralizirana na razini sustava. EU bi trebao pomladiti duh renesanse oživljavanjem europskih (Humboldcijanskih) sveučilišta sustavom specijaliziranih istraživačkih sveučilišta – Ivy League EU-a.","hu":"Az EU-nak létre kellene hoznia egy speciális kutatóegyetemek rendszerét a tudomány legmagasabb szintje érdekében. Európa már két éve a nyugati civilizáció bölcsője. De az elmúlt 100 évben az Öreg kontinens elvesztette vezető pozícióját a tudomány és a technológia terén. A Nobel-díjasok, a Field Medalists vagy a Turing Awards tekintetében Európa korát mutatja be. A 2022-es QS World University Rankings szerint az EU-nak már nincs felsőbb egyeteme. ETH Zürich az egyetlen európai egyetem az első 10 a listán 1300 egyetemek. A brexit után Oxford és Cambridge kiköltözött az EU-ból. A fennmaradó legrangosabb egyetemek az Egyesült Államokban vagy az Egyesült Királyságban (pl. MIT, Stanford, Harvard és Caltech). Az elképzelés az, hogy létre kell hozni az EU-ban szakosodott kutatóegyetemek rendszerét az egyes tanulmányi területeken a legkiválóbb tehetségek számára. A szakosodott egyetemeknek „kritikus tömeget” kell vonzaniuk a doktoranduszok és a posztdoktori kutatómunkások számára 450 millió uniós polgártól olyan szakterületeken, ahol a legtehetségesebb tehetség nagyon kevés és messze van egymástól. Minden tagállam javasolhatna egy speciális kutatási területet a szakosodott egyetem számára. A jóváhagyást követően az intézményeket a tagállam (1/3), a magánszektor (1/3) és az EU (1/3) finanszírozza. Az adminisztrációt rendszerszinten kell centralizálni. Az EU-nak meg kell újítania a reneszánsz szellemét azáltal, hogy a szakosodott kutatóegyetemek – az EU Ivy League – rendszere révén feltámasztja az európai (humboldt) egyetemeket.","it":"L'UE dovrebbe creare un sistema di università di ricerca specializzate per il più alto livello di scienza. L'Europa è stata la culla della civiltà occidentale per due millenni. Ma negli ultimi 100 anni, il Vecchio continente ha perso la sua posizione di primo piano nella scienza e nella tecnologia. Per quanto riguarda i premi Nobel, i Field Medalists o i Turing Awards, l'Europa sta mostrando la sua età. Secondo il QS World University Rankings 2022, l'UE non ha più alcuna università superiore. L'ETH Zurigo è l'unica università europea nella top 10 della lista delle 1.300 università. Dopo la Brexit, Oxford e Cambridge si trasferirono dall'UE. Le rimanenti università di primo piano sono negli Stati Uniti o nel Regno Unito (ad esempio MIT, Stanford, Harvard e Caltech). L'idea è quella di istituire un sistema di università di ricerca specializzate nell'UE per i migliori talenti in settori specifici di studio. Le università specializzate dovrebbero attrarre una \"massa critica\" di dottorandi e ricercatori post-doc provenienti da 450 milioni di cittadini dell'UE in discipline specifiche in cui i migliori talenti sono molto pochi e distanti. Ogni Stato membro potrebbe proporre un campo di ricerca specifico per la sua università specializzata. Una volta approvate, le istituzioni saranno finanziate dallo Stato membro (1/3), dal settore privato (1/3) e dall'UE (1/3). L'amministrazione dovrebbe essere centralizzata a livello di sistema. L'UE dovrebbe ringiovanire lo spirito del Rinascimento risuscitando le università europee (Humboldtian) mediante un sistema di università specializzate di ricerca – la Lega Ivy dell'UE.","lt":"ES turėtų sukurti specializuotų mokslinių tyrimų universitetų sistemą, skirtą aukščiausio lygio mokslui. Europa buvo Vakarų civilizacijos lopšys dviem tūkstantmečiams. Tačiau per pastaruosius 100 metų Senasis žemynas prarado pirmaujančią poziciją mokslo ir technologijų srityje. Kalbant apie Nobelio premijos laureatus, lauko medalius ar Turingo apdovanojimus, Europa rodo savo amžių. Pasak QS World University Rankings 2022, ES nebeturi jokių geriausių universitetų. ETH Ciurichas yra vienintelis Europos universitetas į viršų 10 dėl 1,300 universitetų sąrašą. Po „Brexit’o“ Oksfordas ir Kembridžas persikėlė iš ES. Likę aukščiausio lygio universitetai yra JAV arba JK (pvz., MIT, Stanford, Harvard ir Caltech). Siekiama sukurti ES specializuotų mokslinių tyrimų universitetų sistemą, skirtą talentingiausiems konkrečiose studijų srityse. Specializuoti universitetai turėtų pritraukti „kritinę masę“ doktorantų ir doktorantūros studijų stipendininkų iš 450 mln. ES piliečių konkrečiose disciplinose, kuriose talentingi žmonės yra labai nedaug ir toli vienas nuo kito. Kiekviena valstybė narė savo specializuotam universitetui galėtų pasiūlyti konkrečią mokslinių tyrimų sritį. Patvirtinus institucijas, jas finansuos valstybė narė (1/3), privatusis sektorius (1/3) ir ES (1/3). Administracija turėtų būti centralizuota sistemos lygmeniu. ES turėtų atgaivinti Renesanso dvasią prisikeldama Europos (Humboldtian) universitetus specializuotų mokslinių tyrimų universitetų sistema – ES Ivy lyga.","lv":"ES būtu jāizveido specializētu pētniecības universitāšu sistēma visaugstākajam zinātnes līmenim. Eiropa ir bijusi Rietumu civilizācijas šūpulis divus tūkstošus gadu. Bet pēdējo 100 gadu laikā Vecais kontinents ir zaudējis vadošo pozīciju zinātnē un tehnoloģijā. Runājot par Nobela prēmijas laureātiem, lauka medaļu vai Turing Awards, Eiropa rāda savu vecumu. Saskaņā ar QS World University Rankings 2022 ES vairs nav augstākās universitātes. ETH Zurich ir vienīgā Eiropas universitāte augšpusē 10 sarakstā 1,300 universitātēm. Pēc Brexit Oksforda un Kembridža pārcēlās no ES. Pārējās augstākās klases universitātes atrodas ASV vai Apvienotajā Karalistē (piemēram, MIT, Stanford, Harvard un Caltech). Ideja ir izveidot specializētu pētniecības universitāšu sistēmu ES labākajiem talantiem konkrētās studiju jomās. Specializētajām universitātēm būtu jāpiesaista doktorantūras studentu un pēcdoktorantūras pētniecības stipendiātu “kritiskā masa” no 450 miljoniem ES pilsoņu konkrētās disciplīnās, kur talantīgāko cilvēku skaits ir ļoti maz un tālu vien. Katra dalībvalsts varētu ierosināt īpašu pētniecības jomu savai specializētajai universitātei. Pēc apstiprināšanas iestādes finansēs dalībvalsts (1/3), privātais sektors (1/3) un ES (1/3). Administrācijai jābūt centralizētai sistēmas līmenī. ES vajadzētu atjaunot renesanses garu, atjaunojot Eiropas (Humboldtian) universitātes ar specializētu pētniecības universitāšu sistēmu – ES Ivy līgu.","mt":"l-UE għandha toħloq sistema ta’ universitajiet speċjalizzati fir-riċerka għall-ogħla livell ta’ xjenza. l-Ewropa kienet il-benniena taċ-Ċivilizzazzjoni tal-Punent għal żewġ millenji. Iżda f’dawn l-aħħar 100 sena, il-kontinent il-Qadim tilef il-pożizzjoni ewlenija tiegħu fix-xjenza u t-teknoloġija. F’termini ta’ rebbieħa tal-premju Nobel, Midalisti Lokali jew Premjijiet Turing, l-Ewropa qed turi l-età tagħha. Skont il-QS World University Rankings 2022, l-UE m’għadx għandha l-aqwa università. ETH Zurich hija l-unika università Ewropea fl-ewwel 10 fuq il-lista ta '1,300 universitajiet. Wara Brexit, Oxford u Cambridge telqu mill-UE. Il-bqija tal-universitajiet tal-ogħla klassifikazzjoni jinsabu fl-Istati Uniti jew fir-Renju Unit (eż. MIT, Stanford, Harvard, u Caltech). l-idea hija li titwaqqaf sistema ta’ universitajiet speċjalizzati fir-riċerka fl-UE għall-aqwa talenti f’oqsma speċifiċi ta’ studju. l-universitajiet speċjalizzati għandhom jattiraw “massa kritika” ta’ studenti dottorali u sħab fir-riċerka post-doc minn 450 miljun ċittadin tal-UE f’dixxiplini speċifiċi fejn l-ogħla talent huwa ftit u ‘l bogħod ħafna. Kull Stat Membru jista’ jipproponi qasam speċifiku ta’ riċerka għall-università speċjalizzata tiegħu. Ladarba approvati, l-istituzzjonijiet ikunu ffinanzjati mill-Istat Membru (1/3), mis-settur privat (1/3) u mill-UE (1/3). l-amministrazzjoni għandha tkun ċentralizzata fil-livell tas-sistema. l-UE għandha terġa’ xxerred l-ispirtu tar-Rinaxximent billi tirxoxta l-Universitajiet Ewropej (Humboldtian) minn sistema ta’ universitajiet speċjalizzati ta’ riċerka – il-Lega Ivy tal-UE.","nl":"De EU moet een systeem van gespecialiseerde onderzoeksuniversiteiten opzetten voor het hoogste niveau van wetenschap. Europa is al twee millennia de bakermat van de westerse beschaving. Maar in de afgelopen 100 jaar heeft het Oude continent zijn leidende positie op het gebied van wetenschap en technologie verloren. Wat betreft Nobelprijswinnaars, Field Medalists of Turing Awards, laat Europa zijn leeftijd zien. Volgens de QS World University Rankings 2022 heeft de EU geen topuniversiteit meer. ETH Zürich is de enige Europese universiteit in de top 10 op de lijst van 1.300 universiteiten. Na de brexit verhuisden Oxford en Cambridge uit de EU. De resterende topklasse universiteiten bevinden zich in de VS of het Verenigd Koninkrijk (bijv. MIT, Stanford, Harvard en Caltech). Het is de bedoeling een systeem van gespecialiseerde onderzoeksuniversiteiten in de EU op te zetten voor toptalenten op specifieke studiegebieden. De gespecialiseerde universiteiten moeten een „kritische massa” doctoraatsstudenten en postdoc-onderzoeksstudenten aantrekken van 450 miljoen EU-burgers in specifieke disciplines waar toptalent zeer weinig en ver uit elkaar ligt. Elke lidstaat zou een specifiek onderzoeksgebied voor zijn gespecialiseerde universiteit kunnen voorstellen. Na goedkeuring zouden de instellingen worden gefinancierd door de lidstaten (1/3), de particuliere sector (1/3) en de EU (1/3). De administratie moet op systeemniveau worden gecentraliseerd. De EU moet de geest van renaissance nieuw leven inblazen door de Europese (Humboldtse) universiteiten te herleven door een systeem van gespecialiseerde onderzoeksuniversiteiten – de Ivy League van de EU.","pl":"UE powinna stworzyć system wyspecjalizowanych uniwersytetów badawczych na najwyższym poziomie nauki. Europa jest kolebką cywilizacji zachodniej od dwóch tysięcy lat. Ale w ciągu ostatnich 100 lat Stary kontynent stracił wiodącą pozycję w nauce i technologii. Jeśli chodzi o laureatów Nagrody Nobla, Medalistów Polowych czy Turing Awards, Europa pokazuje swój wiek. Według rankingów QS World University 2022, UE nie ma już żadnego najlepszego uniwersytetu. ETH Zurich jest jedynym europejskim uniwersytetem w pierwszej dziesiątce na liście 1300 uniwersytetów. Po brexicie Oxford i Cambridge wyszły z UE. Pozostałe uniwersytety w rankingu znajdują się w USA lub Wielkiej Brytanii (np. MIT, Stanford, Harvard i Caltech). Chodzi o stworzenie systemu wyspecjalizowanych uniwersytetów badawczych w UE dla największych talentów w konkretnych dziedzinach studiów. Wyspecjalizowane uniwersytety powinny przyciągać „masę krytyczną” doktorantów i doktorantów z 450 mln obywateli UE w konkretnych dziedzinach, w których największe talenty są bardzo niewielkie i dalekie od siebie. Każde państwo członkowskie mogłoby zaproponować specjalną dziedzinę badań dla swojej specjalistycznej uczelni. Po zatwierdzeniu instytucje byłyby finansowane przez państwo członkowskie (1/3), sektor prywatny (1/3) i UE (1/3). Administracja powinna być scentralizowana na poziomie systemu. UE powinna odmłodzić ducha renesansu poprzez wskrzeszenie europejskich (humboldckich) uniwersytetów za pomocą systemu wyspecjalizowanych uniwersytetów badawczych - Ligi bluszczowej UE.","pt":"A UE deveria criar um sistema de universidades de investigação especializadas para o mais alto nível de ciência. A Europa tem sido o berço da civilização ocidental por dois milênios. Mas nos últimos 100 anos, o Velho continente perdeu a sua posição de liderança em ciência e tecnologia. Em termos de prémios Nobel, Medalistas de Campo ou Prémios Turing, a Europa está a mostrar a sua idade. De acordo com o QS World University Rankings 2022, a UE já não tem nenhuma universidade de topo. ETH Zurique é a única universidade europeia no top 10 na lista de 1.300 universidades. Depois de Brexit, Oxford e Cambridge saíram da UE. As restantes universidades de topo estão nos Estados Unidos ou no Reino Unido (por exemplo, MIT, Stanford, Harvard e Caltech). A ideia é criar um sistema de universidades de investigação especializadas na UE para os melhores talentos em domínios específicos de estudo. As universidades especializadas devem atrair uma «massa crítica» de doutorandos e bolseiros de pós-doutoramento de 450 milhões de cidadãos da UE em disciplinas específicas em que o talento de topo é muito pequeno e distante. Cada Estado-Membro poderia propor um campo de investigação específico para a sua universidade especializada. Uma vez aprovadas, as instituições serão financiadas pelo Estado-Membro (1/3), pelo setor privado (1/3) e pela UE (1/3). A administração deve ser centralizada ao nível do sistema. A UE deveria rejuvenescer o espírito do Renascimento, ressuscitando as Universidades Europeias (Humboldtian) através de um sistema de universidades especializadas de investigação - a Liga da Ivy da UE.","ro":"UE ar trebui să creeze un sistem de universități specializate de cercetare pentru cel mai înalt nivel de știință. Europa a fost leagănul civilizației occidentale timp de două milenii. Dar în ultimii 100 de ani, vechiul continent și-a pierdut poziția de lider în știință și tehnologie. În ceea ce privește câștigătorii premiului Nobel, Medaliștii de câmp sau Premiile Turing, Europa își arată vârsta. Potrivit clasamentului QS World University Rankings 2022, UE nu mai are nici o universitate de top. ETH Zürich este singura universitate europeană din top 10 de pe lista a 1.300 de universități. După Brexit, Oxford și Cambridge s-au mutat din UE. Universitățile de top rămase sunt în SUA sau Marea Britanie (de exemplu, MIT, Stanford, Harvard și Caltech). Ideea este de a crea un sistem de universități specializate de cercetare în UE pentru talente de top în domenii specifice de studiu. Universitățile specializate ar trebui să atragă o „masă critică” de studenți doctoranzi și cercetători postdoctorali din 450 de milioane de cetățeni ai UE în discipline specifice, în care talentele de vârf sunt foarte puține și foarte diferite. Fiecare stat membru ar putea propune un domeniu specific de cercetare pentru universitatea sa specializată. Odată aprobate, instituțiile vor fi finanțate de statul membru (1/3), de sectorul privat (1/3) și de UE (1/3). Administrarea trebuie centralizată la nivel de sistem. UE ar trebui să întinerească spiritul Renașterii prin reînvierea universităților europene (Humboldtian) de către un sistem de universități specializate în cercetare – Liga Ivy a UE.","sk":"EÚ by mala vytvoriť systém špecializovaných výskumných univerzít pre najvyššiu úroveň vedy. Európa bola kolískou západnej civilizácie už dve tisícročia. Ale za posledných 100 rokov, Starý kontinent stratil svoje vedúce postavenie vo vede a technike. Pokiaľ ide o nositeľov Nobelovej ceny, poľných medailistov alebo Turing Awards, Európa ukazuje svoj vek. Podľa rebríčka QS World University Rankings 2022 už EÚ nemá žiadnu špičkovú univerzitu. ETH Zürich je jedinou európskou univerzitou v top 10 na zozname 1 300 univerzít. Po brexite sa Oxford a Cambridge presťahovali z EÚ. Zostávajúce najvyššie hodnotené univerzity sú v USA alebo Spojenom kráľovstve (napr. MIT, Stanford, Harvard a Caltech). Cieľom je vytvoriť systém špecializovaných výskumných univerzít v EÚ pre špičkové talenty v konkrétnych študijných odboroch. Špecializované univerzity by mali prilákať „kritickú masu“ doktorandov a výskumníkov zo 450 miliónov občanov EÚ v špecifických odboroch, v ktorých je špičkový talent veľmi málo a ďaleko od seba. Každý členský štát by mohol navrhnúť osobitnú výskumnú oblasť pre svoju špecializovanú univerzitu. Po schválení by inštitúcie financoval členský štát (1/3), súkromný sektor (1/3) a EÚ (1/3). Administratíva by mala byť centralizovaná na úrovni systému. EÚ by mala oživiť ducha renesancie tým, že oživí európske (Humboldtské) univerzity systémom špecializovaných výskumných univerzít – Ivy League of the EU.","sl":"EU bi morala vzpostaviti sistem specializiranih raziskovalnih univerz za najvišjo raven znanosti. Evropa je že dva tisočletja zibelka zahodne civilizacije. Toda v zadnjih 100 letih je stara celina izgubila vodilni položaj na področju znanosti in tehnologije. Kar zadeva Nobelove nagrade, medaliste na terenu ali Turingove nagrade, Evropa kaže svojo starost. Po podatkih Svetovne lestvice univerz QS 2022 EU nima več vrhunskih univerz. ETH Zurich je edina evropska univerza v top 10 na seznamu 1.300 univerze. Po brexitu sta se Oxford in Cambridge preselila iz EU. Preostale univerze na vrhu so v ZDA ali Veliki Britaniji (npr. MIT, Stanford, Harvard in Caltech). Namen je vzpostaviti sistem specializiranih raziskovalnih univerz v EU za vrhunske talente na posebnih študijskih področjih. Specializirane univerze bi morale privabiti „kritično maso“ študentov doktorskega študija in podoktorskih raziskovalcev iz 450 milijonov državljanov EU v posebnih disciplinah, kjer je najbolj nadarjenih zelo malo in daleč narazen. Vsaka država članica bi lahko predlagala posebno raziskovalno področje za svojo specializirano univerzo. Po odobritvi bi institucije financirale države članice (1/3), zasebni sektor (1/3) in EU (1/3). Uprava bi morala biti centralizirana na ravni sistema. EU bi morala pomlajevati duh renesanse z oživitvijo evropskih (Humboldcijanskih) univerz s sistemom specializiranih raziskovalnih univerz - Ivy League of EU.","sv":"EU bör skapa ett system med specialiserade forskningsuniversitet för högsta vetenskapliga nivå. Europa har varit västcivilisationens vagga i två årtusenden. Men under de senaste 100 åren har den gamla kontinenten förlorat sin ledande position inom vetenskap och teknik. När det gäller Nobelpristagare, fältmedaljörer eller Turing Awards visar Europa sin ålder. Enligt QS World University Rankings 2022 har EU inte längre något toppuniversitet. ETH Zürich är det enda europeiska universitetet i topp 10 på listan över 1 300 universitet. Efter brexit flyttade Oxford och Cambridge ut ur EU. De återstående topprankade universiteten finns i USA eller Storbritannien (t.ex. MIT, Stanford, Harvard och Caltech). Tanken är att inrätta ett system med specialiserade forskningsuniversitet i EU för topptalanger inom särskilda studieområden. De specialiserade universiteten bör locka till sig en ”kritisk massa” av doktorander och postdoktorer från 450 miljoner EU-medborgare inom särskilda discipliner där topptalanger är mycket få och långt ifrån varandra. Varje medlemsstat kan föreslå ett särskilt forskningsområde för sitt specialiserade universitet. När institutionerna har godkänts kommer de att finansieras av medlemsstaten (1/3), den privata sektorn (1/3) och EU (1/3). Förvaltningen bör centraliseras på systemnivå. EU bör blåsa nytt liv i renässansandan genom att återuppliva de europeiska universiteten (Humboldtian) genom ett system med specialiserade forskningsuniversitet – Ivy League of the EU."}},"title":{"en":"Alma Mater Scientia – Renaissance of European Research Universities","machine_translations":{"bg":"Alma Mater Scientia — Ренесанс на европейските научноизследователски университети","cs":"Alma Mater Scientia – Renesance evropských výzkumných univerzit","da":"Alma Mater Scientia — renæssance af europæiske forskningsuniversiteter","de":"Alma Mater Scientia – Renaissance europäischer Forschungsuniversitäten","el":"Alma Mater Scientia — Αναγέννηση Ευρωπαϊκών Ερευνητικών Πανεπιστημίων","es":"Alma Mater Scientia — Renacimiento de las Universidades Europeas de Investigación","et":"Alma Mater Scientia – Euroopa teadusülikoolide taassünnid","fi":"Alma Mater Scientia – Euroopan tutkimusyliopistojen renessanssi","fr":"Alma Mater Scientia — Renaissance des universités européennes de recherche","ga":"Alma Mater Scientia – Athbheochan Ollscoileanna Taighde Eorpacha","hr":"Alma Mater Scientia – Renesansa europskih istraživačkih sveučilišta","hu":"Alma Mater Scientia – Az európai kutatási egyetemek reneszánsza","it":"Alma Mater Scientia — Rinascimento delle università europee di ricerca","lt":"Alma Mater Scientia – Europos mokslinių tyrimų universitetų renesansas","lv":"Alma Mater Scientia — Eiropas pētniecības universitāšu atdzimšana","mt":"Alma Mater Scientia — Rinaxximent tal-Universitajiet Ewropej tar-Riċerka","nl":"Alma Mater Scientia — Renaissance van Europese onderzoeksuniversiteiten","pl":"Alma Mater Scientia – Renesans Europejskich Uniwersytetów Badawczych","pt":"Alma Mater Scientia — Renascimento das Universidades Europeias de Investigação","ro":"Alma Mater Scientia – Renașterea universităților europene de cercetare","sk":"Alma Mater Scientia – renesancia európskych výskumných univerzít","sl":"Alma Mater Scientia – Renesansa evropskih raziskovalnih univerz","sv":"Alma Mater Scientia – Renässans av europeiska forskningsuniversitet"}}}
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This idea is not new. Intergovernmental universities have existed before.
The UN University was established in 1972, as proposed by the UN Secretary-General U Thant in 1969. Truly international, it is devoted to the Charter objectives of peace and progress.
The European University Institute (EUI) was also founded in 1972. It is an international postgraduate and post-doctoral teaching and research institute of the EU member states. It contributes to cultural and scientific development in the social sciences from a European perspective. (In 1955, the initial idea was to establish a training centre for nuclear sciences.)
Alma Mater Europaea was founded in 2010. Based in Salzburg, it is an international university with several European campuses, focusing on humanities and programmes in leadership, business and theological studies, etc.
The idea is also new: The EU to create a system of specialized research universities to pursue the highest level of scientific studies in sciences.
The EU economy has stagnated for a decade or longer.
My idea relates to the EU long-term economic growth prospects from one perspective. I believe that after commercializing a technical innovation (e.g. internet, enabling dot.com giants like FANG firms) the next revolution will be the commercialization of scientific breakthroughs.
Traditionally, if you want to increase output, you increase input. That is, you increase the resources required to create goods, so called factors of production (land, labor and capital).
In 2020s, we need to focus on the 4th factor of production: enterprise. This is the X-factor of productivity: inventions, innovations, technology, entrepreneurship (ideas, risk-taking, organizational skills), as well as intellectual and social capital, or the cultural heritage of society.
We need scientific breakthroughs (like DNA, Internet, and AI) before we can commercialize them. A system of specialized research universities is a solution to this problem.
Europe has produced an impressive number of the greatest scientists of all time.
European-born individuals include Archimedes (Greece), Leonardo da Vinci (Italy), Galileo Galilei (Italy), Isaac Newton (UK), Carl Linnaeus (Sweden), Charles Darwin (UK), Louis Pasteur (France), Nikola Tesla (Croatia), Marie Curie (Poland), Erwin Schrödinger (Austria), Niels Bohr (Denmark), and Albert Einstein (Germany), to name a few.
Europe has also been the home turf for the most successful ethnic group in science and higher education. Ashkenazi Jews have won a disproportionately large number of Nobel prizes (20%), Turing Awards (23%), and places in Ivy League universities (25%). They also represent a large proportion of the wealthiest Americans (23%).
The EU should attract the best and brightest students and scholars on the planet to its universities. What would make them come (back)?
The US and China spend more than the EU on research and development (R&D).
Even in relative terms, the EU member states lag behind several advanced nations in R&D spending. Israel, South Korea, Switzerland, Sweden and Japan lead the scoreboard in R&D spending as a percentage of GDP.
How much does your country spend in R&D? How many researchers do you have per million inhabitants? http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/
Scientific and technological progress drive economic growth. We must invest more in inventions and innovations.
Konversation
As the problem is a catch up, the process cant be the usual. We have companies in the EU that have succes. For a first, lets talk with them. Are they in any kind of desire. Could we study, research or even co-develop anything that would be to their benefit?
Software and semiconductors are the future! If there is something Europe needs, it is these kinds of universities - with a certain collaboration and entanglement with the manufactures and software houses of Europe. So we help the problem with educating for Chinese and US software companies.
Inventions need to be commercialized before they become innovations, or money machines.
Therefore, it is not enough to have specialized research universities for scientific inventions, breakthroughs and discoveries. The institutions must be connected to the wider world.
The wider world means big businesses, small start-ups and the global markets. The specialized universities should be surrounded by an ecosystem of entrepreneurs (like Silicon Valley or Silicon Alley).
An international alumni is a good start.
Good morning Morten, and thank you for the comment!
I agree that universities should not exist in isolation. They are part of society. While I also agree that software and semiconductor industries are important engines of growth, I am afraid that we already missed the boat. USA, China, India and Taiwan lead the race. Catching up will be difficult. Nevertheless, the EU schools should introduce software programming as part of mathematics to teenagers.
But what I have in mind is not catching up. It is leapfrogging. A system of specialized research universities should come up with ideas and inventions that lead to radical innovations and disruptive technologies. Like when Niels Bohr, Enrico Fermi, Hans Bethe, Edward Teller and other European-born physicists came together in the Manhattan project, a disruptive game changer followed. In economic competition and trade wars, we need new ideas, startups and creative destruction to win the game.
Non scholae sed vitae!
Euroopassa menestyneet uusyritykset ovat pitkään olleet harvinaisia kuin yksisarviset.
Nokian nousu, uho ja tuho loi ensi aallon startup-yrityksiä Suomeen. Toisen aallon toi marraskuisen Slush-tapahtuman innoittamat uus- ja sarjayrittäjät. Kolmas aalto vyöryy Piilaaksosta korona-pandemian jälkeen palailevien konkarien muodossa kohti kotimaata.
Eurooppa pääsee hiljalleen USAn ja Kiinan kannoille startup-yritysten määrissä ja arvostuksissa. Euroopanmestaruuskisoissa näkyy yli 1 mrd arvoisia yksisarvisia. Top-10 (04/2021):
Checkout.com (UK – 15bn).
Klarna (Sweden – 11).
Deliveroo (UK/US – 7).
Revolut (UK/Russia – 5,5).
Arrival (UK/Russia – 5,4).
Wise – ex-TransferWise (UK/Estonia – 5).
Bolt (Estonia – 4.3).
Greensill (UK – insolvent now).
Northvolt (Sweden – 3,6).
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1094290/ranking-of-highest-valued-startup-companies-europe/
The old continent needs new enteprises. Unicorns should enter the ecosystem.
Konversation
Brain drain from Europe to USA has continued since WWII.
The US attracts the brightest minds in science from all corners of the world. The US-based Nobel prize winners since 1939 number 368, of which 105 have been foreign-born (etc.), that is, almost 30%. Legal aliens like Albert Einstein or E.T. and other Martians from Hungary started arriving already earlier.
Apart from specialized universities, research agencies and megaprojects draw top talents from all continents. For example, ESA, CERN and ITER are well-known intergovernmental research centers with multinational staff and groundbreaking discoveries, including WWW in CERN by TimBL.
Megaprojects in research also attract talented people: Copernicus satellites, Covid-19 vaccines, European Spallation Source, Extreme Light Infrastructure, Human Genome Project, MYRRHA, Gaia spacecraft, Galileo Navigation Satellite System, etc.
Brain drain is to be reversed with world-class universities and research facilities back to brain gain.
I agree with you, but this is a coherent matter. Tax. Living costs. Language. Opportunities.
There are a lot of subjects that have to be dealt with before this is completely solved. But first of all, an economy in development.
I agree with you, that the most important long term goal is education. How do you think it can be done, and where would the money come from? Where should the universities be situated?
Do you think they will make phones again in Espoo?
Nokia phones are a prime example of the fragmentation in Europe. Even with worldclass products, best brains, one of the most competitive countries in the world with 5 million people, who can fight with a competitor with 300 million people?
You are right. There are many and money matters that attract top talents to the US. Not only the scientists to the Ivy League universities, but also IT engineers to Silicon Valley, investment bankers to Wall Street / New York, movie stars to Hollywood, ice-hockey players to the NHL, etc.
EU nations could offer civilized life style, with different mix of taxation and public services. But that is likely to suffice for Europeans returning from the US. Asians and people from other continents need something else. Something that beats the US offer.
As for a system of specialized research universities, any EU member state could propose an institution with a specific field of study, such as “European University of Denmark – Niels Bohr school of Modern Physics”, led by Dr. Lene Hau. The Government of Denmark would pay for 1/3, private sector 1/3 and the EU 1/3.
Yes, money matters. The university must be connected to the wider world – big businesses, small startups and global markets. (TBC)
As for Nokia, they already make mobile phones in Espoo. HMD Global Oy licensed the Nokia brand, but the phones are manufactured by Taiwanese Foxconn.
Actually the story started in 1980s in my hometown less than 100 miles west of Espoo, when Mobira garnered 15% of the world markets in mobile phones, trailing Motorola. Nokia later bought it, but the first and last (R&D) factory in Europe stayed there until the bitter end.
Nokia did not crack the US market. For long, it was afraid of emerging Asian competitors (from Japan or South Korea), but it was Apple that took the crown. Highly competitive US markets with 300 million consumers and cutting-edge (software) technologies left Nokia behind. It is difficult to find enough top talent in management from a small country.
Concentrating top global scientific talent (in specific fields of research) in a system of specialized universities in the EU is an attempt to consolidate the fragmented "market" of European universal universities.
A specialized university system would be the apex of higher education and research in the EU.
Their focus would be world-class research on specific fields of sciences. They would draw doctoral students and research fellows from national universities and research institutions, seeking out top talents from all EU member states and globally. The networks and contacts with academia should enable them to attract the best and the brightest.
Below the EU level apex institutions, educational systems in member states may need changes.
National universities could use admission tests where special skills required.
National universities might apply standardized IQ-tests or GMAT-type assessments to rank high-school grad's.
Other schools should spot and advice prodigies to nurture their talents.
Bi-lingual kindergartens would boost kids’ language skills.
What do you think?
Konversation
Why should a system of specialized research universities be established at the EU level?
A simple answer: The EU no longer has any university in the top 10 world ranking. The member states have failed to raise their game and standards at the national level. At the individual level, the best and the brightest move to the UK or US for higher education and research.
International competition is another reason. The UK has its Oxbridge universities. The US has its Ivy League universities (8+). Japan has its Imperial universities (7 + 2). And China has its C9 League. Etc.
The EU needs a system of specialized research universities to match and compete with such groups of research-intensive elite universities in other parts of the world.
It is not my agenda to be pessimistic. But sometimes a look at what have happened earlier can maybe shed some light on a crucial problem. Eg. when Nokia was at its highest, in Germany they started a boycott campaign because of a factory closing. Not patriotic at all. With 5G, it seems like there was no incentive to buy European, even though we have or had some of the best tele communications companies. USA had to stop Huawei for Europe! And why does Nokia and Ericsson not merge? Like Mercedes and BMW. What do I know? The list of items where Europe have been really slow or even contra, is in future proof areas: Police drones, surveillance cameras, Semiconductors, centralized data acquisition, software. All increasingly economic important.
Back to topic. Between Switzerland and France the Large Hadron must collect some smart brains. Is there any research universities connected to EU there?
EIT in Hungary should be a vibrant best brain flypaper with increased funding.
continued -
Most EU countries are notorious disfavoring the financial sector. Why? This goes way back to Napoleon and even further. In Germany it was ill seen to work with money and they handed the job to the Jews!?!?
What an intelligent thing to do (ironi). Even today, if you want investment you have to go to London. How can economical judgement be so off on the continent?
I hope your proposal will ring some bells. Best wishes from here.
Europe lost its brightest ethnic group when Ashkenazi Jews ”disappeared” from continental Europe. I am afraid that we see a brain drain of the most talented people again when the EU universities have dropped out of top 10.
London was the financial center of Europe – and even the world (with New York). It is difficult to see how the EU could create a new financial center. The financial markets remain fragmented.
My idea for a system of specialized research universities – a hub and spoke model – could be expanded to other industries as the first step to reduce fragmentation, but it is no match to Wall Street, Silicon Valley, Hollywood or NHL, etc.
Europe deserves the name old continent. Its population is ageing, and its firms are ”veteran champions” in traditional national industries. The economy is renewing only slowly. The top companies in the US (Forbes 100) change every year or decade.
Ericsson almost bought Nokia in the late 1980s. Nokia was in the ropes. Its CEO committed a suicide. Fortunately, Mobira was doing well. Nokia bought it, while selling subsidiaries that produced toilet paper, rubber boots, cables, etc. The sprawling conclomerate became a focused telecom company. A decade or two later, Ericsson merged with Sony, Nokia mobile phones was sold to Microsoft…
CERN is a bright spots in the EU – a megaproject for experimental particle physics, drawing researchers from everywhere. I do not know if any specialized university is linked to it. A good idea!
Hungary has produced some of the brightest minds in atomic research (for the Manhattan project). I agree that EIT could be one of the specialized universities.
What could it be concretely – the hub-and-spoke system of specialized research universities?
Let’s start with the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). It is an EU Agency that supports innovations. The initial idea was a top university like the MIT, but the EIT became an agency to fund research in the EU. The core competence of bureaucrats is administration: they set up agencies.
The system of specialized research universities also needs an agency in its center. The hub would be responsible for administration, operations, HR and legal matters, lobbying and marketing, logistics and resources, finance and budgeting, fund raising and investing the endowment, etc.
The spokes of the system – specialized research universities – do only scientific research. But they would not be universal universities or polytechnical polytechnics. Each of them should instead focus on a specialized field of science or technology, striving for the top of scientific knowledge and discovery.
What else?
By definition, a system of specialized research universities is a decentralized entity. While the universities are located in different countries, they should be connected to each other. The hub connects the spokes administratively, but the scholars and their work undoubtedly requires virtual or on-line sharing and interaction. More generally, the system should be connected to global academia and wider world as a virtual university system of the EU.
Closer to home, doctoral students and research fellows do not necessarily live and come alone. Their spouses and children need a place to stay, as well as jobs, schools and other activities. The campus area should become an attractive and lively community.
What else?
No university in top 10 of the Shanghai Ranking (Academic Ranking of World Universities, ARWU) from the EU.
Stanford University (USA).
University of Cambridge (UK).
MIT (USA).
University of California, Berkeley (USA).
Princeton University (USA).
University of Oxford (UK).
Columbia University (USA).
Caltech (USA).
University of Chicago (USA).
The US and UK universities dominate the ranking. The best and the rest:
https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2021
The EU should create a system of specialized research universities to support scientific excellence.
The concept of a system of specialized research universities in the EU can be expanded.
Technology and online training enables mass education across the borders, with some efforts. For example, University of Helsinki, along with its Reaktor and the EU, is providing an online course “Elements of AI” and translating it to all official EU languages by the end of 2021. While the initial objective was to educate 1% of the Finnish population of the basics of Artificial Intelligence, the new language versions make it possible to raise the target to 1% of the world population.
The virtual or digital system of EU universities could become the global World University. If all or most EU based universities could combine their online courses on a single digital platform, the system of European universities could offer virtual education and contents world-wide.
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