Transformacja cyfrowa
#TheFutureIsYours Kształtowanie cyfrowej przyszłości Europy
Universal income for open source maintainers
Investing in open source software (OSS) has critical benefits; it maximizes innovation, prevents reinventing similar solutions, and supports digital autonomy. According to OpenForum Europe, the economic impact of OSS on the EU economy is estimated to be between EUR 65 and EUR 95 billion in 2018.
However, independent open source maintainers struggle to generate revenue despite their crucial contribution and usually abandon their work in the long term. This outcome is an inefficient way of utilizing our resources and leads to OSS being underproduced.
The EU can/should recognize OSS as a public good and address this problem by direct financial support to maintainers, similar to universal basic income. The union can set up a public fund that makes periodic payments to maintainers who pass specific criteria.
The criteria to receive an income might be:
- The maintainer should be an EU citizen
- The software must be using an open source license
- A certain number of organizations within the EU should be actively using the software
The right amount of income and the method to determine the usage in companies need to be studied. The income, ideally, should be attractive enough for the maintainers to keep working on OSS full-time.
By directly investing in OSS, we can ensure a more robust software supply chain and attract IT talent to the EU, next to the previously mentioned benefits.
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{"body":{"en":"Investing in open source software (OSS) has critical benefits; it maximizes innovation, prevents reinventing similar solutions, and supports digital autonomy. According to OpenForum Europe, the economic impact of OSS on the EU economy is estimated to be between EUR 65 and EUR 95 billion in 2018.\n\nHowever, independent open source maintainers struggle to generate revenue despite their crucial contribution and usually abandon their work in the long term. This outcome is an inefficient way of utilizing our resources and leads to OSS being underproduced.\n\nThe EU can/should recognize OSS as a public good and address this problem by direct financial support to maintainers, similar to universal basic income. The union can set up a public fund that makes periodic payments to maintainers who pass specific criteria.\n\nThe criteria to receive an income might be:\n- The maintainer should be an EU citizen\n- The software must be using an open source license\n- A certain number of organizations within the EU should be actively using the software\n\nThe right amount of income and the method to determine the usage in companies need to be studied. The income, ideally, should be attractive enough for the maintainers to keep working on OSS full-time.\n\nBy directly investing in OSS, we can ensure a more robust software supply chain and attract IT talent to the EU, next to the previously mentioned benefits.","machine_translations":{"bg":"Инвестирането в софтуер с отворен код (OSS) има изключително важни ползи; тя максимизира иновациите, предотвратява преоткриването на подобни решения и подкрепя цифровата автономност. Според OpenForum Europe икономическото въздействие на обслужването на едно гише върху икономиката на ЕС се оценява на 65—95 милиарда евро през 2018 г. Независимите оператори с отворен код обаче се борят да генерират приходи въпреки техния решаващ принос и обикновено се отказват от работата си в дългосрочен план. Този резултат е неефективен начин за използване на нашите ресурси и води до недостатъчно производство на обслужване на едно гише. ЕС може/следва да признае обслужването на едно гише като обществено благо и да реши този проблем чрез пряка финансова подкрепа за изпълнителите, подобна на универсалния основен доход. Съюзът може да създаде публичен фонд, който да извършва периодични плащания на поддържащите лица, които отговарят на определени критерии. Критериите за получаване на доход могат да бъдат: —Поддръжката следва да бъде гражданин на ЕС – софтуерът трябва да използва лиценз с отворен код – определен брой организации в рамките на ЕС следва активно да използват софтуера. Трябва да се проучи точният размер на приходите и методът за определяне на използването в дружествата. В идеалния случай доходът следва да бъде достатъчно привлекателен, за да могат поддържащите лица да продължат да работят на пълен работен ден в режим на обслужване на едно гише. Като инвестираме пряко в системата за обслужване на едно гише, можем да осигурим по-стабилна верига за доставки на софтуер и да привлечем ИТ таланти в ЕС, наред с посочените по-горе ползи.","cs":"Investice do softwaru s otevřeným zdrojovým kódem (OSS) mají zásadní přínosy; maximalizuje inovace, brání obnově podobných řešení a podporuje digitální autonomii. Podle organizace OpenForum Europe se hospodářský dopad systému jednoho správního místa na hospodářství EU odhaduje na 65 až 95 miliard EUR v roce 2018. Nezávislí uživatelé s otevřeným zdrojovým kódem však mají navzdory svému zásadnímu přínosu potíže s vytvářením příjmů a v dlouhodobém horizontu obvykle od své práce upustí. Tento výsledek je neúčinným způsobem, jak využívat naše zdroje, a vede k tomu, že systém jednoho správního místa je nedostatečně vytvářen. EU může/měla uznat jednotné kontaktní místo jako veřejný statek a řešit tento problém přímou finanční podporou pro osoby provádějící údržbu, podobně jako všeobecný základní příjem. Unie může zřídit veřejný fond, který bude periodicky platit nájemcům, kteří splňují zvláštní kritéria. Kritéria pro získání příjmu mohou být: Osoba provádějící údržbu by měla být občanem EU - software musí používat licenci s otevřeným zdrojovým kódem - určitý počet organizací v rámci EU by měl tento software aktivně využívat. Je třeba studovat správný objem příjmů a metodu pro určení použití v podnicích. Příjem by měl být v ideálním případě dostatečně atraktivní, aby mohli i nadále pracovat v systému jednoho správního místa na plný úvazek. Přímými investicemi do systému jednoho správního místa můžeme zajistit stabilnější dodavatelský řetězec softwaru a přilákat do EU talentované IT pracovníky, a to vedle výše uvedených přínosů.","da":"Investering i open source-software (open source software) har afgørende fordele; det maksimerer innovation, forhindrer genetablering af lignende løsninger og støtter digital autonomi. Ifølge OpenForum Europe anslås de økonomiske konsekvenser af étstedsordningen for EU's økonomi at ligge på mellem 65 og 95 mia. EUR i 2018. Uafhængige open source-reparatører kæmper imidlertid for at generere indtægter på trods af deres afgørende bidrag og sædvanligvis opgive deres arbejde på lang sigt. Dette resultat er en ineffektiv måde at udnytte vores ressourcer på og fører til, at étstedsordningen bliver underproduceret. EU kan/bør anerkende one-stop-shoppen som et offentligt gode og løse dette problem ved at yde direkte finansiel støtte til vedligeholdere svarende til universel basisindkomst. Unionen kan oprette en offentlig fond, der foretager periodiske betalinger til reparatører, der opfylder bestemte kriterier. Kriterierne for at opnå en indkomst kan være: — Vedligeholderen bør være en EU-borger — softwaren skal anvende en open source-licens — Et vist antal organisationer i EU bør aktivt anvende softwaren. Det rigtige indtægtsbeløb og metoden til at bestemme brugen i virksomheder skal undersøges nærmere. Indtægterne bør ideelt set være attraktive nok til, at vedligeholderne kan fortsætte med at arbejde på étstedsordningen på fuld tid. Ved at investere direkte i one-stop-shoppen kan vi sikre en mere robust softwareforsyningskæde og tiltrække IT-talent til EU ved siden af de ovennævnte fordele.","de":"Investitionen in quelloffene Software haben entscheidende Vorteile; sie maximiert Innovationen, verhindert die Neuerfindung ähnlicher Lösungen und unterstützt die digitale Autonomie. Nach Angaben von OpenForum Europe werden die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen von OSS auf die EU-Wirtschaft im Jahr 2018 auf 65 bis 95 Mrd. EUR geschätzt. Unabhängige quelloffene Wartungsbetriebe haben jedoch trotz ihres entscheidenden Beitrags Schwierigkeiten, Einnahmen zu erzielen, und stellen ihre Arbeit in der Regel langfristig aus. Dieses Ergebnis ist eine ineffiziente Art und Weise, unsere Ressourcen zu nutzen, und führt zu einer Unterproduktion von OSS. Die EU kann/sollte die OSS als öffentliches Gut anerkennen und dieses Problem durch direkte finanzielle Unterstützung für Pflegekräfte, ähnlich dem universellen Grundeinkommen, angehen. Die Union kann einen öffentlichen Fonds einrichten, der regelmäßige Zahlungen an Wartungsbetriebe leistet, die bestimmte Kriterien erfüllen. Die Kriterien für die Erzielung eines Einkommens können sein: — Der Wartungsbetrieb sollte EU-Bürger sein – die Software muss eine Open-Source-Lizenz verwenden – Eine bestimmte Anzahl von Organisationen in der EU sollte die Software aktiv nutzen. Die richtige Höhe der Einnahmen und die Methode zur Bestimmung der Nutzung in Unternehmen müssen untersucht werden. Das Einkommen sollte idealerweise für die Pflegekräfte attraktiv genug sein, damit sie weiterhin auf Vollzeitbasis arbeiten können. Durch direkte Investitionen in OSS können wir eine solidere Software-Lieferkette gewährleisten und IT-Talente für die EU anziehen, neben den zuvor genannten Vorteilen.","el":"Η επένδυση σε λογισμικό ανοικτής πηγής (OSS) έχει σημαντικά οφέλη· μεγιστοποιεί την καινοτομία, αποτρέπει την επανεμφάνιση παρόμοιων λύσεων και υποστηρίζει την ψηφιακή αυτονομία. Σύμφωνα με το OpenForum Europe, ο οικονομικός αντίκτυπος της μονοαπευθυντικής θυρίδας στην οικονομία της ΕΕ εκτιμάται ότι θα κυμανθεί μεταξύ 65 και 95 δισ. ευρώ το 2018. Ωστόσο, οι ανεξάρτητοι συντηρητές ανοικτού κώδικα δυσκολεύονται να δημιουργήσουν έσοδα παρά την καθοριστική συμβολή τους και συνήθως εγκαταλείπουν το έργο τους μακροπρόθεσμα. Το αποτέλεσμα αυτό είναι αναποτελεσματικός τρόπος αξιοποίησης των πόρων μας και οδηγεί σε ανεπαρκή παραγωγή της μονοαπευθυντικής θυρίδας. Η ΕΕ μπορεί/πρέπει να αναγνωρίσει τη μονοαπευθυντική διαδικασία ως δημόσιο αγαθό και να αντιμετωπίσει το πρόβλημα αυτό με άμεση οικονομική στήριξη προς τους συντηρητές, παρόμοια με το καθολικό βασικό εισόδημα. Η Ένωση μπορεί να δημιουργήσει ένα δημόσιο ταμείο που θα καταβάλλει περιοδικές πληρωμές στους συντηρητές που πληρούν συγκεκριμένα κριτήρια. Τα κριτήρια για την απόκτηση εισοδήματος μπορεί να είναι: — Ο συντηρητής πρέπει να είναι πολίτης της ΕΕ — Το λογισμικό πρέπει να χρησιμοποιεί άδεια ανοικτής πηγής — Ένας ορισμένος αριθμός οργανισμών εντός της ΕΕ θα πρέπει να χρησιμοποιεί ενεργά το λογισμικό. Πρέπει να μελετηθεί το σωστό ποσό εισοδήματος και η μέθοδος προσδιορισμού της χρήσης στις επιχειρήσεις. Το εισόδημα, ιδανικά, θα πρέπει να είναι αρκετά ελκυστικό ώστε οι συντηρητές να συνεχίσουν να εργάζονται σε μια μονοαπευθυντική θυρίδα πλήρους απασχόλησης. Επενδύοντας άμεσα στη μονοαπευθυντική θυρίδα, μπορούμε να εξασφαλίσουμε μια πιο ισχυρή αλυσίδα εφοδιασμού λογισμικού και να προσελκύσουμε ταλέντα ΤΠ στην ΕΕ, παράλληλα με τα προαναφερθέντα οφέλη.","es":"La inversión en software de código abierto (OSS) presenta beneficios fundamentales; maximiza la innovación, evita reinventar soluciones similares y apoya la autonomía digital. Según OpenForum Europe, el impacto económico de la ventanilla única en la economía de la UE se estima entre 65 y 95 000 millones EUR en 2018. Sin embargo, los encargados independientes del mantenimiento de fuentes abiertas tienen dificultades para generar ingresos a pesar de su contribución crucial y, por lo general, abandonan su trabajo a largo plazo. Este resultado es una forma ineficiente de utilizar nuestros recursos y da lugar a una infraproducción de la ventanilla única. La UE puede o debe reconocer la ventanilla única como un bien público y abordar este problema mediante una ayuda financiera directa a los encargados del mantenimiento, similar a la renta básica universal. La Unión puede crear un fondo público que efectúe pagos periódicos a los encargados del mantenimiento que cumplan determinados criterios. Los criterios para percibir una renta pueden ser los siguientes: — El encargado del mantenimiento debe ser ciudadano de la UE — El software debe estar utilizando una licencia de código abierto — Deberá estudiarse un determinado número de organizaciones dentro de la UE que utilicen activamente el software. Es necesario estudiar la cantidad de ingresos adecuada y el método para determinar el uso en las empresas. Idealmente, los ingresos deberían ser suficientemente atractivos para que los encargados del mantenimiento sigan trabajando en el RVU a tiempo completo. Al invertir directamente en la ventanilla única, podemos garantizar una cadena de suministro de software más sólida y atraer el talento informático a la UE, junto a los beneficios mencionados anteriormente.","et":"Avatud lähtekoodiga tarkvarasse investeerimisel on kriitilise tähtsusega eelised; see maksimeerib innovatsiooni, takistab sarnaste lahenduste leidmist ja toetab digitaalset autonoomiat. OpenForum Europe’i andmetel on One Stop Shopi majanduslik mõju ELi majandusele 2018. aastal hinnanguliselt 65-95 miljardit eurot. Sõltumatutel avatud lähtekoodiga säilitajatel on hoolimata nende olulisest panusest siiski raskusi tulu teenimisega ja nad loobuvad tavaliselt oma tööst pikas perspektiivis. See tulemus on ebatõhus viis meie ressursside kasutamiseks ja viib selleni, et üheakna süsteem on alatoodetud. EL saab/peaks tunnustama üheakna süsteemi kui avalikku hüve ja lahendama selle probleemi hooldajatele antava otsese rahalise toetusega, mis sarnaneb üldise põhisissetulekuga. Liit võib luua avaliku sektori fondi, mis teeb kindlaid kriteeriume täitvatele hooldajatele perioodilisi makseid. Sissetuleku saamise kriteeriumid võivad olla järgmised: –Hooldaja peaks olema ELi kodanik – tarkvara peab kasutama avatud lähtekoodiga litsentsi – teatav arv organisatsioone ELis peaks tarkvara aktiivselt kasutama. Tuleb uurida õiget sissetulekut ja meetodit, kuidas määrata kindlaks kasutamine ettevõtetes. Ideaaljuhul peaks sissetulek olema piisavalt ligitõmbav, et säilitajad saaksid jätkata üheakna süsteemis täistööajaga töötamist. Tehes otseinvesteeringuid ühtsesse kontaktpunkti, saame lisaks eespool nimetatud eelistele tagada kindlama tarkvara tarneahela ja meelitada ELi IT-talente.","fi":"Investoimalla avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmistoihin (OSS) on kriittisiä hyötyjä; se maksimoi innovoinnin, estää vastaavien ratkaisujen uudelleen keksimisen ja tukee digitaalista riippumattomuutta. OpenForum Europen mukaan yhden yhteyspisteen järjestelmän taloudellinen vaikutus EU:n talouteen on arviolta 65-95 miljardia euroa vuonna 2018. Riippumattomien avoimen lähdekoodin ylläpitäjien on kuitenkin vaikea saada tuloja merkittävästä panoksestaan huolimatta ja yleensä luopua työstään pitkällä aikavälillä. Tämä on tehoton tapa käyttää resurssejamme ja johtaa siihen, että yhden yhteyspisteen järjestelmä on liian pieni. EU voi tai sen pitäisi tunnustaa yhden yhteyspisteen palvelu julkiseksi hyödykkeeksi ja puuttua tähän ongelmaan antamalla yleistä perustuloa vastaavaa suoraa taloudellista tukea ylläpitäjille. Unioni voi perustaa julkisen rahaston, josta maksetaan säännöllisesti maksuja tietyn perusteen täyttäville ylläpitäjille. Tulojen saamisen edellytykset voivat olla seuraavat: Ylläpitäjän olisi oltava EU:n kansalainen – Ohjelmissa on käytettävä avoimen lähdekoodin lisenssiä – Joidenkin EU:n organisaatioiden olisi aktiivisesti käytettävä ohjelmistoa. On tutkittava oikeansuuruisia tuloja ja menetelmiä, joilla määritetään käyttö yrityksissä. Tulojen pitäisi ihannetapauksessa olla riittävän houkuttelevia, jotta ylläpitäjät voivat työskennellä keskitetyssä palvelupisteessä kokoaikaisesti. Investoimalla suoraan keskitettyyn palvelupisteeseen voimme varmistaa vahvemman ohjelmiston toimitusketjun ja houkutella tietoteknisiä lahjakkuuksia eu:hun edellä mainittujen hyötyjen lisäksi.","fr":"L’investissement dans des logiciels libres (OSS) présente des avantages essentiels; elle maximise l’innovation, empêche de réinventer des solutions similaires et soutient l’autonomie numérique. Selon OpenForum Europe, l’impact économique du guichet unique sur l’économie de l’UE est estimé entre 65 et 95 milliards d’euros en 2018. Toutefois, les mainteneurs indépendants de sources ouvertes peinent à générer des revenus malgré leur contribution essentielle et abandonnent généralement leur travail à long terme. Ce résultat est un moyen inefficace d’utiliser nos ressources et conduit à une sous-production de logiciels libres. L’UE peut/devrait reconnaître le guichet unique comme un bien public et s’attaquer à ce problème en apportant un soutien financier direct aux mainteneurs, à l’instar du revenu de base universel. L’Union peut créer un fonds public qui effectue des paiements périodiques en faveur des mainteneurs satisfaisant à des critères spécifiques. Les critères de perception d’un revenu peuvent être les suivants: Le mainteneur devrait être un citoyen de l’UE — Le logiciel doit utiliser une licence libre — Un certain nombre d’organisations au sein de l’UE devraient utiliser activement le logiciel. Il convient d’étudier le bon montant des revenus et la méthode permettant de déterminer l’utilisation dans les entreprises. Idéalement, les revenus devraient être suffisamment attrayants pour permettre aux responsables de l’entretien de continuer à travailler à temps plein sur le guichet unique. En investissant directement dans les logiciels libres, nous pouvons garantir une chaîne d’approvisionnement en logiciels plus robuste et attirer les talents informatiques vers l’UE, à côté des avantages susmentionnés.","ga":"Tá buntáistí criticiúla ag baint le hinfheistiú i mbogearraí foinse oscailte; déanann sé nuálaíocht a uasmhéadú, cuireann sé cosc ar réitigh chomhchosúla a athchruthú, agus tacaíonn sé le neamhspleáchas digiteach. De réir OpenForum na hEorpa, meastar go mbeidh tionchar eacnamaíoch idir EUR 65 billiún agus EUR 95 billiún ag OSS ar gheilleagar an AE in 2018. Mar sin féin, bíonn deacrachtaí ag cothabhálaithe neamhspleácha foinse oscailte ioncam a ghiniúint d’ainneoin a rannchuidiú ríthábhachtach agus a gcuid oibre a thréigean san fhadtéarma de ghnáth. Is bealach neamhéifeachtúil é an toradh sin chun leas a bhaint as ár n-acmhainní agus, dá bharr sin, déantar tearctháirgeadh OSS. Is féidir leis an AE/ba cheart don AE OSS a aithint mar leas poiblí agus aghaidh a thabhairt ar an bhfadhb seo trí thacaíocht dhíreach airgeadais a thabhairt do lucht cothabhála, cosúil le bunioncam uilíoch. Is féidir leis an Aontas ciste poiblí a bhunú a dhéanann íocaíochtaí tréimhsiúla do lucht cothabhála a n-éiríonn leo critéir shonracha. Is iad seo a leanas na critéir chun ioncam a fháil: — Ba cheart gur saoránach de chuid an AE é an cothaitheoir – Ní mór ceadúnas foinse oscailte a úsáid sna bogearraí – Ba cheart do líon áirithe eagraíochtaí laistigh den AE na bogearraí a úsáid go gníomhach. Ní mór staidéar a dhéanamh ar an méid ceart ioncaim agus ar an modh chun úsáid cuideachtaí a chinneadh. Ba chóir go mbeadh an t-ioncam, go hidéalach, tarraingteach go leor do na cothaitheoirí a choinneáil ag obair ar OSS lánaimseartha. Trí infheistíocht dhíreach a dhéanamh in OSS, is féidir linn a chinntiú go mbeidh slabhra soláthair bogearraí níos láidre ann agus tallann TF a mhealladh chuig an Aontas Eorpach, taobh leis na buntáistí a luadh roimhe seo.","hr":"Ulaganje u softver otvorenog koda od ključne je važnosti; njime se maksimalno povećavaju inovacije, sprečava ponovno osmišljavanje sličnih rješenja i podupire digitalna autonomija. Prema podacima organizacije OpenForum Europe gospodarski učinak jedinstvene kontaktne točke na gospodarstvo EU-a procjenjuje se na između 65 i 95 milijardi EUR u 2018. Međutim, neovisni održavatelji otvorenog koda teško ostvaruju prihode unatoč njihovu ključnom doprinosu i obično dugoročno napuštaju svoj rad. Taj je ishod neučinkovit način iskorištavanja naših resursa i dovodi do nedovoljne proizvodnje jedinstvene kontaktne točke. EU može/trebao bi priznati jedinstvenu kontaktnu točku kao javno dobro i riješiti taj problem izravnom financijskom potporom za održavatelje, slično univerzalnom osnovnom dohotku. Unija može osnovati javni fond za periodična plaćanja održavateljima koji ispunjavaju određene kriterije. Kriteriji za ostvarivanje dohotka mogu biti: — Održavatelj bi trebao biti građanin EU-a – softver se mora koristiti dozvolom otvorenog koda – određeni broj organizacija unutar EU-a trebao bi aktivno upotrebljavati softver. Točan iznos prihoda i metoda za utvrđivanje uporabe u poduzećima trebaju se proučiti. Dohodak bi u idealnom slučaju trebao biti dovoljno privlačan da održavatelji nastave raditi na OSS-u na puno radno vrijeme. Izravnim ulaganjem u softver otvorenog koda možemo osigurati stabilniji lanac opskrbe softverom i privući IT talente u EU, pored prethodno navedenih koristi.","hu":"A nyílt forráskódú szoftverekbe (OSS) történő beruházás jelentős előnyökkel jár; maximalizálja az innovációt, megelőzi a hasonló megoldások újbóli feltalálását, és támogatja a digitális autonómiát. Az OpenForum Europe szerint az egyablakos ügyintézésnek az EU gazdaságára gyakorolt gazdasági hatása a becslések szerint 2018-ban 65 és 95 milliárd EUR között mozgott. A független nyílt forráskódú fenntartók azonban jelentős hozzájárulásuk ellenére nehezen tudnak bevételt termelni, és hosszú távon általában felhagynak a munkával. Ez az eredmény erőforrásaink felhasználásának nem hatékony módja, és az egyablakos ügyintézés alultermeléséhez vezet. Az EU közjónak ismerheti/el kell ismernie az egyablakos ügyintézést, és ezt a problémát az egyetemes alapjövedelemhez hasonló, a karbantartóknak nyújtott közvetlen pénzügyi támogatással kell kezelnie. Az Unió létrehozhat egy olyan állami alapot, amely időszakos kifizetéseket teljesít a meghatározott kritériumoknak megfelelő fenntartók számára. A jövedelemszerzés feltételei a következők lehetnek: A karbantartónak uniós polgárnak kell lennie – A szoftvernek nyílt forráskódú licenciát kell használnia – Az EU-n belül bizonyos számú szervezetnek aktívan használnia kell a szoftvert. Meg kell vizsgálni a megfelelő jövedelemösszeget és a vállalatoknál történő felhasználás meghatározásának módszerét. A jövedelemnek ideális esetben elég vonzónak kell lennie a fenntartók számára ahhoz, hogy továbbra is teljes munkaidőben dolgozzanak az egyablakos ügyintézési rendszerben. Az egyablakos ügyintézésbe való közvetlen befektetéssel szilárdabb szoftverellátási láncot biztosíthatunk, és a korábban említett előnyök mellett informatikai tehetségeket is vonzhatunk az EU-ba.","it":"Investire in software open source (OSS) presenta vantaggi fondamentali; massimizza l'innovazione, impedisce di reinventare soluzioni simili e sostiene l'autonomia digitale. Secondo OpenForum Europe, l'impatto economico dello sportello unico sull'economia dell'UE è stimato tra i 65 e i 95 miliardi di EUR nel 2018. Tuttavia, i manutentori open source indipendenti faticano a generare entrate nonostante il loro contributo fondamentale e di solito abbandonano il loro lavoro a lungo termine. Questo risultato è un modo inefficiente di utilizzare le nostre risorse e porta a una sottoproduzione dello sportello unico. L'UE può/dovrebbe riconoscere lo sportello unico come un bene pubblico e affrontare questo problema fornendo un sostegno finanziario diretto ai manutentori, analogamente al reddito di base universale. L'Unione può istituire un fondo pubblico che effettua pagamenti periodici ai manutentori che soddisfano criteri specifici. I criteri per ricevere un reddito potrebbero essere i seguenti: Il responsabile della manutenzione dovrebbe essere un cittadino dell'UE — Il software deve utilizzare una licenza open source — Un certo numero di organizzazioni all'interno dell'UE dovrebbero utilizzare attivamente il software. Occorre studiare il giusto importo di reddito e il metodo per determinare l'uso nelle imprese. Idealmente, il reddito dovrebbe essere sufficientemente interessante per consentire ai manutentori di continuare a lavorare a tempo pieno nell'ambito dello sportello unico. Investendo direttamente nello sportello unico, possiamo garantire una catena di approvvigionamento del software più solida e attrarre talenti informatici nell'UE, oltre ai benefici già menzionati.","lt":"Investicijos į atvirojo kodo programinę įrangą (OSS) yra labai naudingos; ja skatinamos inovacijos, užkertamas kelias iš naujo išradinėti panašius sprendimus ir remiamas skaitmeninis savarankiškumas. Remiantis „OpenForum Europe“ duomenimis, 2018 m. vieno langelio sistemos ekonominis poveikis ES ekonomikai siekė 65-95 mlrd. EUR. Tačiau nepriklausomi atvirojo kodo prižiūrėtojai, nepaisant jų esminio indėlio, stengiasi gauti pajamų ir paprastai nutraukia savo darbą ilguoju laikotarpiu. Šis rezultatas yra neefektyvus mūsų išteklių panaudojimo būdas ir lemia nepakankamą vieno langelio principo sukūrimą. ES gali ir (turėtų) pripažinti vieno langelio principą kaip viešąją gėrybę ir spręsti šią problemą teikdama tiesioginę finansinę paramą, panašią į visuotines bazines pajamas. Sąjunga gali įsteigti viešąjį fondą, kuris reguliariai mokėtų tam tikrus kriterijus atitinkantiems laikytojams. Pajamų gavimo kriterijai gali būti šie: Prižiūrėtojas turėtų būti ES pilietis – programine įranga turi būti naudojamasi atvirojo kodo licencija. Tam tikras skaičius ES veikiančių organizacijų turėtų aktyviai naudotis programine įranga. Reikia išnagrinėti tinkamą pajamų dydį ir naudojimo įmonėse nustatymo metodą. Idealiu atveju pajamos turėtų būti pakankamai patrauklios, kad prižiūrėtojai galėtų dirbti „vieno langelio“ sistemoje visą darbo dieną. Tiesiogiai investuodami į vieno langelio sistemą galime užtikrinti patikimesnę programinės įrangos tiekimo grandinę ir pritraukti IT talentus į ES, be pirmiau minėtos naudos.","lv":"Ieguldījumiem atklātā pirmkoda programmatūrā (OSS) ir kritiski ieguvumi; tā maksimāli palielina inovāciju, novērš līdzīgu risinājumu izgudrošanu un atbalsta digitālo autonomiju. Saskaņā ar OpenForum Europe sniegto informāciju vienas pieturas aģentūras ekonomiskā ietekme uz ES ekonomiku tiek lēsta no 65 līdz 95 miljardiem EUR 2018. gadā. Tomēr neatkarīgajiem atvērtā pirmkoda uzturētājiem ir grūti gūt ieņēmumus, neraugoties uz viņu būtisko ieguldījumu, un parasti pārtrauc darbu ilgtermiņā. Šis rezultāts ir neefektīvs veids, kā izmantot mūsu resursus, un tā rezultātā OSS tiek nepietiekami ražotas. ES var/būtu jāatzīst OSS par sabiedrisku labumu un risināt šo problēmu, sniedzot tiešu finansiālu atbalstu uzturētājiem, līdzīgi kā vispārējiem pamatienākumiem. Savienība var izveidot publisku fondu, kas veic periodiskus maksājumus uzturētājiem, kuri atbilst konkrētiem kritērijiem. Ienākumu saņemšanas kritēriji varētu būt šādi: — Uzturētājam jābūt ES pilsonim – programmatūrai ir jāizmanto atklātā pirmkoda licence – noteiktam skaitam organizāciju ES būtu aktīvi jāizmanto programmatūra. Jāizpēta pareizā ienākumu summa un metode, kā noteikt lietojumu uzņēmumos. Ideālā gadījumā ienākumiem vajadzētu būt pietiekami pievilcīgiem, lai uzturētāji varētu turpināt strādāt pie OSS pilna laika. Tieši ieguldot OSS, mēs varam nodrošināt stabilāku programmatūras piegādes ķēdi un piesaistīt ES IT talantus līdztekus iepriekš minētajiem ieguvumiem.","mt":"L-investiment f’softwer b’sors miftuħ (OSS) għandu benefiċċji kritiċi; dan jimmassimizza l-innovazzjoni, jipprevjeni r-rivitalizzazzjoni ta’ soluzzjonijiet simili, u jappoġġa l-awtonomija diġitali. Skont OpenForum Europe, l-impatt ekonomiku tal-OSS fuq l-ekonomija tal-UE huwa stmat li huwa bejn EUR 65 u EUR 95 biljun fl-2018. Madankollu, il-mantenituri indipendenti minn sorsi miftuħa jitħabtu biex jiġġeneraw dħul minkejja l-kontribut kruċjali tagħhom u normalment jabbandunaw xogħolhom fit-tul. Dan ir-riżultat huwa mod ineffiċjenti kif nistgħu nużaw ir-riżorsi tagħna u jwassal biex l-OSS ma jiġix prodott biżżejjed. L-UE tista’/għandha tirrikonoxxi l-OSS bħala ġid pubbliku u tindirizza din il-problema permezz ta’ appoġġ finanzjarju dirett lill-mantenituri, simili għad-dħul bażiku universali. L-Unjoni tista’ tistabbilixxi fond pubbliku li jagħmel pagamenti perjodiċi lill-mantenituri li jgħaddu minn kriterji speċifiċi. Il-kriterji biex wieħed jirċievi dħul jistgħu jkunu: — Il-mantenitur għandu jkun ċittadin tal-UE — Is-softwer irid ikun qed juża liċenzja ta’ sors miftuħ — Jeħtieġ li ċertu numru ta’ organizzazzjonijiet fl-UE jkunu qed jużaw is-softwer b’mod attiv. Jeħtieġ li jiġi studjat l-ammont ġust ta’ introjtu u l-metodu biex jiġi ddeterminat l-użu fil-kumpaniji. Id-dħul, idealment, għandu jkun attraenti biżżejjed għall-mantenituri biex jibqgħu jaħdmu fuq l-OSS full-time. Billi ninvestu direttament fl-OSS, nistgħu niżguraw katina tal-provvista tas-softwer aktar robusta u nattiraw talent tal-IT lejn l-UE, flimkien mal-benefiċċji msemmija qabel.","nl":"Investeringen in opensourcesoftware (OSS) hebben kritieke voordelen; het maximaliseert innovatie, voorkomt het opnieuw uitvinden van soortgelijke oplossingen en ondersteunt digitale autonomie. Volgens het OpenForum Europe zal de economische impact van het éénloketsysteem op de economie van de EU in 2018 naar schatting tussen de 65 en 95 miljard euro bedragen. Onafhankelijke „open source” -onderhoudspersoneel hebben echter moeite om inkomsten te genereren ondanks hun cruciale bijdrage en verlaten hun werk gewoonlijk op lange termijn. Dit resultaat is een inefficiënte manier om onze middelen te gebruiken en leidt tot onderproductie van het éénloketsysteem. De EU kan/moet OSS erkennen als een openbaar goed en dit probleem aanpakken door middel van rechtstreekse financiële steun aan onderhoudspersoneel, vergelijkbaar met het universele basisinkomen. De Unie kan een overheidsfonds oprichten dat periodieke betalingen verricht aan onderhoudspersoneel die aan specifieke criteria voldoen. De criteria voor het ontvangen van een inkomen kunnen zijn: — De onderhoudshouder moet EU-burger zijn — De software moet gebruik maken van een open-source-licentie — Een bepaald aantal organisaties in de EU moet actief gebruik maken van de software. De juiste inkomsten en de methode om het gebruik in bedrijven te bepalen, moeten worden onderzocht. Idealiter zou het inkomen aantrekkelijk genoeg moeten zijn voor de onderhoudspersoneel om voltijds op het éénloketsysteem te blijven werken. Door rechtstreeks in het éénloketsysteem te investeren, kunnen we zorgen voor een robuustere toeleveringsketen voor software en IT-talent aantrekken naar de EU, naast de eerder genoemde voordelen.","pl":"Inwestowanie w oprogramowanie typu open source (OSS) przynosi kluczowe korzyści; maksymalizuje innowacje, zapobiega wymyślaniu podobnych rozwiązań i wspiera autonomię cyfrową. Według OpenForum Europe wpływ gospodarczy pojedynczego punktu kontaktowego na gospodarkę UE szacuje się na 65-95 mld EUR w 2018 r. Jednak niezależne podmioty zajmujące się utrzymaniem otwartego oprogramowania mają trudności z generowaniem dochodów pomimo ich kluczowego wkładu i zazwyczaj rezygnują z pracy w perspektywie długoterminowej. Rezultat ten jest nieefektywnym sposobem wykorzystania naszych zasobów i prowadzi do niedostatecznej produkcji systemu pojedynczego punktu kontaktowego. UE może/powinna uznać system pojedynczego punktu kontaktowego za dobro publiczne i rozwiązać ten problem poprzez bezpośrednie wsparcie finansowe dla podmiotów zajmujących się utrzymaniem, podobne do powszechnego dochodu podstawowego. Unia może utworzyć fundusz publiczny, który dokonuje okresowych płatności na rzecz opiekunów, którzy spełniają określone kryteria. Kryteria otrzymywania dochodu mogą być następujące: Konserwator powinien być obywatelem UE - oprogramowanie musi korzystać z licencji typu open source - pewna liczba organizacji w UE powinna aktywnie korzystać z oprogramowania. Należy zbadać odpowiednią kwotę dochodu i metodę określania wykorzystania w przedsiębiorstwach. Najlepiej byłoby, gdyby dochód był wystarczająco atrakcyjny dla opiekunów, aby mogli oni nadal pracować w pełnym wymiarze czasu pracy w systemie pojedynczego punktu kontaktowego. Dzięki bezpośrednim inwestycjom w system pojedynczego punktu kontaktowego możemy zapewnić solidniejszy łańcuch dostaw oprogramowania i przyciągnąć talenty informatyczne do UE, oprócz wspomnianych wcześniej korzyści.","pt":"O investimento em software de fonte aberta (OSS) tem benefícios críticos; maximiza a inovação, impede a reinventação de soluções semelhantes e apoia a autonomia digital. Segundo a OpenForum Europe, o impacto económico do balcão único na economia da UE está estimado entre 65 e 95 mil milhões de euros em 2018. No entanto, os responsáveis independentes pela manutenção de fontes abertas têm dificuldade em gerar receitas apesar da sua contribuição crucial e, normalmente, abandonam o seu trabalho a longo prazo. Este resultado é uma forma ineficiente de utilizar os nossos recursos e conduz a uma subprodução do software de código-fonte aberto. A UE pode/deve reconhecer o balcão único como um bem público e resolver este problema através de apoio financeiro direto aos responsáveis pela manutenção, semelhante ao rendimento básico universal. A União pode criar um fundo público que efetue pagamentos periódicos aos responsáveis pela manutenção que preencham critérios específicos. Os critérios para receber um rendimento podem ser: — O responsável pela manutenção deve ser um cidadão da UE — O software deve utilizar uma licença de fonte aberta — Um certo número de organizações na UE deve utilizar ativamente o software. O montante adequado de rendimento e o método para determinar a utilização nas empresas devem ser estudados. Idealmente, o rendimento deve ser suficientemente atrativo para que os responsáveis pela manutenção continuem a trabalhar em regime de balcão único a tempo inteiro. Ao investir diretamente no balcão único, podemos assegurar uma cadeia de abastecimento de software mais robusta e atrair talentos em TI para a UE, para além dos benefícios acima referidos.","ro":"Investițiile în software cu sursă deschisă (OSS) au beneficii esențiale; aceasta maximizează inovarea, împiedică reinventarea unor soluții similare și sprijină autonomia digitală. Potrivit OpenForum Europe, impactul economic al ghișeelor unice asupra economiei UE este estimat la 65-95 miliarde EUR în 2018. Cu toate acestea, societățile independente de întreținere cu sursă deschisă depun eforturi pentru a genera venituri în ciuda contribuției lor cruciale și, de obicei, își abandonează activitatea pe termen lung. Acest rezultat este o modalitate ineficientă de utilizare a resurselor noastre și conduce la o producție insuficientă a ghișeelor unice. UE poate/ar trebui să recunoască ghișeul unic ca fiind un bun public și să abordeze această problemă prin acordarea de sprijin financiar direct întreprinderilor de întreținere, similar venitului de bază universal. Uniunea poate crea un fond public care să efectueze plăți periodice către societățile de întreținere care trec prin criterii specifice. Criteriile de obținere a unui venit ar putea fi: — Operatorul de întreținere ar trebui să fie cetățean al UE — software-ul trebuie să utilizeze o licență cu sursă deschisă — Un anumit număr de organizații din UE ar trebui să utilizeze în mod activ software-ul. Cuantumul adecvat al veniturilor și metoda de determinare a utilizării în întreprinderi trebuie studiate. În mod ideal, venitul ar trebui să fie suficient de atractiv pentru ca personalul de întreținere să continue să lucreze la OSS cu normă întreagă. Prin investiții directe în ghișeul unic, putem asigura un lanț de aprovizionare software mai solid și putem atrage talente informatice în UE, alături de beneficiile menționate anterior.","sk":"Investovanie do softvéru s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom (OSS) má rozhodujúci prínos; maximalizuje inovácie, zabraňuje opätovnému nastoleniu podobných riešení a podporuje digitálnu autonómiu. Podľa OpenForum Europe sa hospodársky vplyv jednotného kontaktného miesta na hospodárstvo EÚ odhaduje na 65 až 95 miliárd EUR v roku 2018. Nezávislí správcovia s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom však majú ťažkosti s generovaním príjmov napriek ich zásadnému prínosu a zvyčajne sa z dlhodobého hľadiska vzdajú svojej práce. Tento výsledok je neefektívnym spôsobom využívania našich zdrojov a vedie k nedostatočnej tvorbe jednotného kontaktného miesta. EÚ môže/mala uznať jednotné kontaktné miesto ako verejný statok a riešiť tento problém priamou finančnou podporou pre udržiavateľov, podobne ako univerzálny základný príjem. Únia môže zriadiť verejný fond, ktorý pravidelne vypláca platby chovateľom, ktorí spĺňajú osobitné kritériá. Kritériá na získanie príjmu môžu byť: Udržiavateľ by mal byť občanom EÚ – softvér musí používať licenciu s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom – určitý počet organizácií v EÚ by mal aktívne používať softvér. Je potrebné preskúmať správnu výšku príjmu a metódu na určenie používania v spoločnostiach. Príjem by mal byť v ideálnom prípade dostatočne atraktívny pre udržiavateľov, aby mohli naďalej pracovať na OSS na plný úväzok. Priamymi investíciami do jednotného kontaktného miesta môžeme zabezpečiť spoľahlivejší dodávateľský reťazec softvéru a prilákať do EÚ talenty v oblasti IT, a to popri už spomínaných výhodách.","sl":"Vlaganje v odprtokodno programsko opremo (OSS) ima ključne koristi; povečuje inovativnost, preprečuje ponovno odkrivanje podobnih rešitev in podpira digitalno avtonomijo. Po ocenah OpenForum Europe naj bi gospodarski učinek sistema „vse na enem mestu“ na gospodarstvo EU v letu 2018 znašal med 65 in 95 milijard EUR. Vendar pa imajo neodvisni vzdrževalci prosto dostopnih virov težave pri ustvarjanju prihodkov kljub svojemu ključnemu prispevku in običajno dolgoročno opustijo svoje delo. Ta rezultat je neučinkovit način uporabe naših virov in povzroča premajhno proizvodnjo „vse na enem mestu“. EU lahko/bi morala priznati sistem „vse na enem mestu“ kot javno dobro in ta problem obravnavati z neposredno finančno podporo vzdrževalcem, podobno splošnemu osnovnemu dohodku. Unija lahko ustanovi javni sklad, ki zagotavlja periodična plačila vzdrževalcem, ki izpolnjujejo posebna merila. Merila za prejemanje dohodka so lahko: Vzdrževalec bi moral biti državljan EU - programska oprema mora uporabljati odprtokodno licenco - določeno število organizacij v EU bi moralo aktivno uporabljati programsko opremo. Raziskati je treba pravilni znesek prihodka in metodo za določanje uporabe v podjetjih. V idealnem primeru bi moral biti dohodek dovolj privlačen za vzdrževalce, da bi še naprej delali na sistemu „vse na enem mestu“. Z neposrednimi naložbami v sistem „vse na enem mestu“ lahko poleg prej omenjenih koristi zagotovimo zanesljivejšo dobavno verigo programske opreme in privabimo nadarjene IT v EU.","sv":"Investeringar i programvara med öppen källkod har avgörande fördelar. den maximerar innovation, förebygger nya liknande lösningar och stöder digital autonomi. Enligt OpenForum Europe beräknas den ekonomiska effekten av en enda kontaktpunkt på EU:s ekonomi uppgå till mellan 65 och 95 miljarder euro 2018. Oberoende underhållare med öppen källkod kämpar dock för att generera intäkter trots sitt avgörande bidrag och vanligtvis överge sitt arbete på lång sikt. Detta är ett ineffektivt sätt att utnyttja våra resurser och leder till att OSS underproduceras. EU kan/bör erkänna en enda kontaktpunkt som en kollektiv nyttighet och ta itu med detta problem genom direkt ekonomiskt stöd till underhållarna, i likhet med den allmänna basinkomsten. Unionen kan inrätta en offentlig fond som gör periodiska betalningar till underhållare som uppfyller särskilda kriterier. Kriterierna för att få en inkomst kan vara följande: — Underhållaren bör vara EU-medborgare – Programvaran måste ha en licens med öppen källkod – Ett visst antal organisationer inom EU bör aktivt använda programvaran Det rätta inkomstbeloppet och metoden för att fastställa användningen i företag måste undersökas. Inkomsten bör helst vara tillräckligt attraktiv för att underhållarna ska kunna fortsätta att arbeta på heltid. Genom att investera direkt i en enda kontaktpunkt kan vi säkerställa en stabilare programvaruleverantörskedja och locka it-begåvningar till EU, vid sidan av de tidigare nämnda fördelarna."}},"title":{"en":"Universal income for open source maintainers","machine_translations":{"bg":"Универсален доход за лицата, които поддържат отворен код","cs":"Všeobecný příjem pro osoby zajišťující údržbu s otevřeným zdrojovým kódem","da":"Universalindkomst for open source-reparatører","de":"Universelles Einkommen für quelloffene Wartungsdienste","el":"Καθολικό εισόδημα για τους συντηρητές ανοικτού κώδικα","es":"Ingresos universales para los encargados del mantenimiento de fuentes abiertas","et":"Üldtulu avatud lähtekoodiga säilitajatele","fi":"Avoimen lähdekoodin ylläpitäjien yleistulo","fr":"Revenu universel pour les mainteneurs open source","ga":"Ioncam uilíoch do choimeádaithe foinse oscailte","hr":"Univerzalni dohodak za održavatelje otvorenog koda","hu":"A nyílt forrású fenntartók egyetemes jövedelme","it":"Reddito universale per i manutentori open source","lt":"Atvirosios programinės įrangos prižiūrėtojų visuotinės pajamos","lv":"Vispārējie ienākumi atklātā pirmkoda uzturētājiem","mt":"Dħul universali għall-mantenituri tas-sors miftuħ","nl":"Universeel inkomen voor onderhoudspersoneel uit open bronnen","pl":"Powszechny dochód dla podmiotów zajmujących się konserwacją typu open source","pt":"Rendimento universal para os técnicos de manutenção de fonte aberta","ro":"Venit universal pentru societățile de întreținere cu sursă deschisă","sk":"Univerzálny príjem pre správcov s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom","sl":"Univerzalni dohodek za vzdrževalce odprtih virov","sv":"Universalinkomst för underhållare med öppen källkod"}}}
Ten odcisk palca jest liczony przy pomocy algorytmu mieszającego SHA256. Aby samodzielnie go zreplikować, można skorzystać z Internetowy kalkulator MD5 i skopiować oraz wkleić dane źródłowe.
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Liczba komentarzy: 43
The study from OpenForum Europe:
https://openforumeurope.org/open-source-impact-study/
C'est une excellente idée !
"Tax incentives for companies to switch to open source" as an alternative/complementary idea:
Tax incentives for companies to switch to open source
Excellent idea
Konwersacje
Great idea. But not sure how I feel about the terms:
- The maintainer should be an EU citizen
This would exclude hard working people who deserve the support and does not correspond with the modern practice of people from all over the world working on such projects.
- The software must be using an open source license
To the extent that this is meant to mean that the sw is supposed to be open source exclusively, it could limit revenue streams to the devs.
- A certain number of organizations within the EU should be actively using the software
How do you define organizations? What about companies and citizens? How do you measure this, if the way a software gets into an organization is nothing but through a download?
My sense is that these conditions might work for a subset of open source software, but are not universally useful.
Great questions; thanks for the feedback!
This one is up to the maintainer. If they already have an income (let's say through a dual license), they can compare the two options; should I give up the other revenue stream and start relying on universal income? We should only aim to cover OSS maintainers that already use a permissive license in the initial phase of this program.
I assume that "permissive license" means any open source/free software license and not only those proprietary software accepting non-copyleft licenses. If this is the case I totally support this.
That's a good point. First, we need to work on our open source software inventory; we need to find out what is out there to fall into our bucket.
Then, we could look at the easy wins, what generates the most value with low effort, and what license they use. Do they have any proper revenue streams, or do they rely on donations? Is it a company or an individual?
When we look at this inventory, the software with the most permissive licenses probably would be at the top (the ones with the least friction). That's why I think we would start with them.
So, initially, my focus would be to show that directly investing in open source works. Then it would be easier to extend the program with more complex cases.
2/2
That's correct that we may need different approaches for each type of software. Trying to cover all types might be too much from the start. So, we can begin with a subset initially and expand to other areas in time.
We should also take FOSS from the point of view of solutions created for benefit of EU. EU should create some projects in a spirit of FOSS. That way it could be easier for EU to support the maintainers. I’m writing about it here EU's IT solutions unification Framework
Here's another article about the sustainability of open source:
https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/10/untanglingopensourcessustainabilityproblem/
There are countless articles like this one; we keep mentioning the same broken approaches on how to finance open source, and then we keep complaining about why open source is not sustainable.
The truth is that open source maintainers/entrepreneurs already made their contribution to the economy. They created a successful software, and the moment we started using their work, they made the sale. We already built businesses around their work.
That's why they don't need to come up with a new business model. The only thing that's left is for us to give them back so that they can continue what they do best!
Another open source tragedy!
"Babel continues to be used by thousands of companies all over the world. It's integrated into all kinds of frameworks in the JavaScript ecosystem, whether it's React, Next.js, Vue, Ember, Angular, etc. We are hitting over 117 million downloads/month."
"To fully fund the currently paid maintainers (but we would like to expand who is being paid, to include the whole core team), we need at least $333,000 per year, which is 2x what we're currently bringing in."
https://babeljs.io/blog/2021/05/10/funding-update
Konwersacje
Today we had a productive discussion on Twitter over this proposal.
Here are the highlights:
- Can we use R&D budgets (Horizon program?) to finance open source initiatives?
- Is it possible for this EU public fund to sponsor open source projects directly through GitHub Sponsors? In that scenario, GitHub can show the EU flag on the maintainer's profile (This would be super cool!) 🇪🇺
- Can we recognize open source initiatives as non-profits by default and make OSS donations tax-deductible?
- Our program should aim for minimum bureaucracy and shouldn't add any burden to the maintainers.
Here are some ideas on how to distribute the fund to the maintainers:
- For the trial period, the maintainers can explain what they've done in the last year and why the EU should sponsor them. The community can vote for the most convincing stories. Then the EU can decide who is getting the money. We can find a better way to distribute the fund for the subsequent iterations.
1/2
There can also be special arrangements with marketplaces/package managers to assist in collecting this data. The companies that want to volunteer can use a unique identifier before the downloads/installations.
There are also initiatives like Scarf in this space:
https://about.scarf.sh/
Here's the entire conversation:
https://twitter.com/meijer_s/status/1392423567300648963
2/2
This is very important to switch Europe into open source. Europe is open for everybody, but software used in Europe is mostly closed. We have to turn it open and do Europe using open source.
Below is a positive thread from Sasha Koss, the creator of the date-fns JavaScript package, over his open-source journey:
https://twitter.com/kossnocorp/status/1392449481053032450
At the moment, their monthly income is around 3,500 USD on Open Collective, which is an outstanding achievement for an open-source package!
https://opencollective.com/date-fns
And I'm sure the situation will get even better while their popularity grows. I wish Sasha and his team the best of luck!
On the other hand, one of the most popular packages, worldwide usage, 42 million downloads per month, and 3500 USD.
What would that number be if this would be a commercial success?
Please feel free to share if you come across similar stories on open source and the maintainers 🖖
Here's this week's open-source content:
"Should You Open Source Your Startup?" by Ben Awad:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIL5fuAUPiA
"The Luck of Open Source" by Kyle E. Mitchell:
https://writing.kemitchell.com/2021/05/24/The-Luck-of-Open-Source.html
Two Twitter threads on open-source sustainability, first by Taylor Otwell, creator of Laravel:
https://twitter.com/taylorotwell/status/1397901669380284417
And in response to that, by Adam Wathan, creator of @tailwindcss:
https://twitter.com/adamwathan/status/1397912639590838272
Bonus: Accenture, GitHub, Microsoft and ThoughtWorks launch the Green Software Foundation with the Linux Foundation to put sustainability at the core of software engineering
https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2021/05/25/accenture-github-microsoft-and-thoughtworks-launch-the-green-software-foundation-with-the-linux-foundation-to-put-sustainability-at-the-core-of-software-engineering/
Here is a recent panel discussing the findings of the ambitious open-source study of OpenForum Europe. Especially "Policy recommendations" part (43:12) is a must-watch:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xndi9tZYBOo
Highlights from the summary:
- An increase of 10% contributions to OSS would generate around an additional € 70+ billion in EU GPD per year
- One full-time equivalent employee contributing to OSS generates additional GDP four times the cost
Highlights from the policy recommendations:
- Facilitate a European OSPO network
- Consider OSS as a public infrastructure
- Support incentives for publicly funded projects to make their results open and accessible
- Enable increasing the diversity of open source contributors
- Establish tax incentives related to open source contributions
- Establish a funding scheme for open-source-based startups, including their growth phase
Konwersacje
Ce n'est pas universel s'il faut être mainteneur !
Mais oui pour le financement de l'open source par l'Europe.
Thanks for the feedback!
I wanted to keep "universal" to make a clear distinction from grants. The program should determine eligibility through a neutral decision-making approach by looking at the OSS's past/current success. So, no additional burden on the maintainer about the "proof of work". As long as OSS is eligible, they should keep receiving the income.
What would you prefer, "Direct income to open source maintainers"?
Je comprends... En effet c'est difficile de trouver le bon terme !
"Systematic remuneration of open source maintainers"?
Malheureusement, je ne suis pas encore convaincu que l'on puisse mesurer objectivement l'impact d'un projet open source.
Sounds good to me; I noted it, thanks!
About objectively measuring OSS, that's indeed the missing part.
We can begin the process with manual selection and ask the OSS community to vote for their favorite projects. Not the most neutral option, but it would be a start.
To automate the process, we can look into Criticality Score from Google & OSSF:
https://github.com/ossf/criticality_score
Here's an example with Top 100K repositories on GitHub:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1uahUIUa82J6WetAqtxCM_qgH-YJOagH84AFniIhlAbg/edit#gid=650393321
Tidelift already has an internal process to decide how to pay the maintainers. We can consult such companies to use their expertise:
https://docs.tidelift.com/article/45-how-we-pay-lifters
There are also organizations like CHAOSS and Bitergia, experienced in measuring OSS from different aspects:
https://chaoss.community/
It will take time to get it right, but I don't think we lack data or expertise as long as we have the right mindset.
If you missed it, the inaugural plenary session of the Conference on the Future of Europe is about to start now.
You can watch it here live:
https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/inaugural-plenary-of-conference-on-future-of-europe20210619-0900-SPECIAL-OTHERvd
A critical report from Ashwin Ramaswami, a researcher from Plaintext Group, proposes to establish a federal OSPO for the US:
https://www.plaintextgroup.com/reports/securing-open-source-software-at-the-source
A critical foundation of both public and private software supply chains is OSS. However, OSS is substantially supported by software engineers working on a volunteer basis who do not always prioritize security, potentially endangering our crucial software supply chains.
The federal government can play a greater role in safeguarding software supply chains by securing OSS in two ways:
Identifying and cataloging critical software in need of support; and
Funding critical improvements in open source software security.
Leading European Open Source Non-Profit Organizations Announce OSPO Alliance To Promote Best Practices in Open Source Governance
The OSPO Alliance was established by leading European open source non-profit organisations, including OW2, Eclipse Foundation, OpenForum Europe, and Foundation for Public Code, and experienced practitioners with the aim to grow awareness for open source in Europe and to globally promote structured, responsible and professional management of open source by companies and administrations. OSPO.Zone is the new website for delivering the resources and collaboration envisaged by the OSPO Alliance. Learn more at https://ospo.zone.
You can read the full article here:
https://newsroom.eclipse.org/news/announcements/leading-european-open-source-non-profit-organizations-announce-ospo-alliance
Another excellent article supports public funding for open-source software by Frank Nagle, an assistant professor of business administration at Harvard Business School.
FOSS projects are too vital to modern commerce and communications to rely on the benevolence of the private sector alone. The federal government also needs to play its part. Future infrastructure bills should also include new funding and incentives for FOSS development and maintenance. For our economy to recover and grow tomorrow, we need to invest in our open-source digital infrastructure today.
https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/why-congress-should-invest-in-open-source-software/
Not directly related to open source, but an excellent presentation by 18F, a technology and design consultancy for the U.S. Government, on applying agile practices to large software projects that the government procures.
"Our mission is to help our partners in government deliver better digital services to people at lower cost taxpayers with a lower risk of failure"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-h6CtSwk30
And here's the follow-up:
https://twitter.com/waldojaquith/status/1258237201432920064
Konwersacje
OPEN SCIENCE è il quadro concettuale già individuato come riferimento in EU, ma ancora ben poco implementato.
In questo quadro l'apprezzamento, l'uso ed il sostegno allo sviluppo di codice OPEN SOURCE rappresenta un primo passo culturale e civico essenziale.
In Italia tale passo risulta particolarmente difficile da implementare dato l'enorme ritardo nella sedimentazione delle conoscenze di base in informatica.
* Come si può capire cosa comporta un codice OPEN SOURCE se non hai mai avuto alcun contatto con codici e linguaggi di programmazione?
* Come si può pretendere che la pubblica amministrazione aderisca alle corrette indicazioni dell'Agenzia per l'Italia Digitale quando le Università si lasciano dominare da un organismo privato chiamato CRUI, nel fornire indicazioni agli studenti in merito agli applicativi da usare: rigorosamente Microsoft, piuttosto che Oracle!!!
E' necessario uno sforzo culturale e civico molto rilevante per correggere una simile rotta!
Ottima iniziativa!!!
I appreciate your support, Roberto!
No doubt that establishing a sustainable open-source culture will be a long and challenging process.
But let's keep moving and keep trying new approaches. As long as we can show investing in open-source is a win-win for everyone, I'm confident that we will get there.
Here is an impressive talk by Julia Reda, a former member of the European Parliament, on public funding of open source technologies and why we need a European open technology fund, which is almost identical to this proposal:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TuOkAZUP0Y&list=PLq-odUc2x7i-A0sOgr-5JJUs5wkgdiXuR
The principles of this new fund should be:
- It must be really easy to apply to this fund
- There has to be a very low overhead
- It must not be limited to innovative projects
- This funding structure must not be directly run by the government
- It must be built on a network of trusted actors
- There should be no restrictions on the nationality of the people who can apply
Hello everyone!
We wanted to see what other people think about our "Universal income for open source maintainers" idea and created a Twitter poll:
https://twitter.com/AgencyCecil/status/1423006696855715844
It will be available until the end of today. So, feel free to jump in and share your opinion!
Another critical study by Kaylea Champion and Benjamin Mako Hill from the University of Washington:
"Flaws in widely used software components, regardless of
their purpose, represent a source of risk to our shared digital
infrastructure. Even if a given bug does not result in system
failure, it may provide an attack surface for intrusion or block
upgrades of other vulnerable or failure-prone components.
Despite widespread dependence on FLOSS, the burden of
maintenance continues to fall on small teams of volunteers
selecting their own tasks. Without fresh investment of skilled
and engaged participants, this public resource will remain
at risk."
Underproduction: An Approach for Measuring Risk in Open Source Software
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.00352.pdf
Here's an article over "Digital Public Goods Alliance", another exciting initiative in our space:
Successful governments have been able to harness these digital tools to address urgent challenges facing society.
We outline four ways in which DPI can be a global force for good with responsible public-private sector collaboration.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/08/4-reasons-you-should-care-about-digital-public-infrastructure
If you wish, you can here watch the live stream of the first European Citizens Panels:
https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/conference-on-future-of-europe-european-citizens-panels20210917-1400-SPECIAL-CONFERENCEvd
Open source: a dynamic market fueled by digital transformation and innovation, a study conducted by teknowlogy Group for the National Free Software Council (CNLL), Syntec Numérique and Systematic.
Agenda
1. Digital transformation boosts the European Open Source market
2. Open Source is strategic for the future of organizations in France (117 organizations surveyed)
- Background and methodology
- How do companies use Open Source?
- Which partners do companies use?
- What is the impact of digital transformation on the use of Open Source?
3. Europe: What are the local specificities?
https://cnll.fr/media/2019_CNLL-Syntec-Systematic-Open-Source-Study.pdf
Konwersacje
I think it's a great idea.
There is some doubt as to how to implement it, whether it is even technically a form of universal income and other issues. One possible approach would be to use function point analysis to determine how much work has gone into each open software package and derive a base value from that. There could be a fund that is used to finance such work and the fund would be distributed among open source creators according to the determined nominal value of the software they have created. Naturally, this is not a real value, some software would be much more impactful than others, but it is a measure of the work that has gone into it, so it goes well with making it a form of universal income.
The advantage of such a scheme is that it could absorb any value that is put into it, and there would be some objective metric used to distribute the funds.
Thank you for your valuable input!
Creating a system to measure the value objectively is indeed the core part of this proposal. It may take some time to find the optimum metrics, but we know that it's technically possible; the private sector is already using similar ranking systems for quite a long time.
I was looking into Criticality Score from Google & OSSF, which determines how essential a particular software is:
https://github.com/ossf/criticality_score
Here's an example result with Top 100K repositories on GitHub:
https://kutt.it/m37yNK
Function point analysis can be one of the parameters in this calculation; I will study it further.
Another missing parameter is the usage. Ideally, we should collect the companies' software/package usage statistics, probably through a volunteer program. With such data, we can also have a good overview of our software supply chain.
The higher the criticality and usage of your software in the chain, the more income you should receive.
French government to speed up deployment of open source
The French government’s roadmap for developing open source to make it a vector of digital sovereignty and a guarantee of “democratic confidence” was presented by Public Transformation and Civil Service Minister Amélie de Montchalin on Wednesday (10 November).
“We must now build the public action of the new century,” she said, indicating that France will look to inspire the “many States [that] seek to embark” on greater openness of public data and the use of open source.
https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/french-government-seeks-to-speed-up-deployment-of-open-source/
"What is the value of the OS? EU study on the impact of OS" by OpenForum Europe at Open Source Experience 2021:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6KB6Rt-dNA&list=PLDLdi4NOOm6GNGVr3utgMiRRgBDeP0O3V&index=28
Here's the list of all videos from Open Source Experience conference:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDLdi4NOOm6GNGVr3utgMiRRgBDeP0O3V
An excellent article by Daniel Stenberg, the creator of curl, on his open source journey:
https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2021/01/15/food-on-the-table-while-giving-away-code/
"curl runs in ten billion installations: some five, six billion mobile phones and tablets – used by several of the most downloaded apps in existence, in virtually every website and Internet server. In a billion computer games, a billion Windows machines, half a billion TVs, half a billion game consoles and in a few hundred million cars. curl has been made to run on 82 operating systems on 22 CPU architectures. Very few software components can claim a wider use."
"Wide use and being recognized does not bring food on the table."
It's a good moment for our gentle reminder; open source entrepreneurs have already made their contributions to the economy. As a society, it's time for us to recognize the value of this ecosystem and find a way to make it sustainable, so our creators can continue what they do best!
The feasibility report for the Sovereign Tech Fund is out; an excellent initiative from Germany for funding the open source ecosystem:
https://sovereigntechfund.de/en
We have a discussion about this report under Sustain Discourse; please feel free to join:
https://discourse.sustainoss.org/t/sovereign-tech-fund-feasibility-study-to-examine-a-funding-program-for-open-digital-base-technologies-as-the-foundation-for-innovation-and-digital-sovereignty/921
Don't miss The EU Open Source Policy Summit that will take place this Friday!
https://summit.openforumeurope.org/
"The grand challenges cannot be tackled by any company or country alone. Climate change, current and future pandemics, digital autonomy, market concentration, and reaching the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals are all pressing issues that underscore the need for new institutional set-ups.
Open Technologies and Open Source are at the heart of this new reality and are a source for optimism."
Some headlines from the agenda:
- Welcome address by the EU Commissioner for Budget and Administration
- Building Public Sector Capacity: Open Source and Digital Sovereignty
- EU Digital Covid Certificates: How Open Source Opened Europe
- Securing the Software Supply Chain
- Minister Montchalin: Report from the French Presidency
- The Simple Economics of Open Source: 20 Years
- Open Hardware and Chip Shortages
- Open Source & the Green Transition
- Open Source and the Grand Challenges
Developers are certainly not the only category that could benefit from a universal basic income. Just think about precarious workers, students, artists, caregivers, etc.
Any proposal targeted to a single category loses energy, because it lacks the fundamental characteristic of universality.
It is therefore imperative to federate all categories with the goal of obtaining a truly universal basic income.
I invite all free software developers to support this truly universal basic income proposal:
"Unconditional Basic Incomes (UBI) throughout the EU which ensure every person’s material existence and opportunity to participate in society"
Unconditional Basic Incomes (UBI) throughout the EU which ensure every person’s material existence and opportunity to participate in society
and to sign the European Citizens' Initiative by June 25th:
https://eci.ec.europa.eu/014/public/
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